Physical Anthropology Exam 1 Ch. 1-4
Scientific Method - correct answer ✔✔An empirical research method in which data is gathered from
observations of phenomena, hypotheses are formulated and tested, and conclusions are drawn that
validate or modify the original hypotheses.
Culture - correct answer ✔✔Learned behavior that is transmitted from person to person.
Theory - correct answer ✔✔A set of hypotheses that have been rigorously tested and validated, leading
their establishment as a generally accepted explanation of specific phenomena.
Hypotheses - correct answer ✔✔Testable statements that potentially explain specific phenomena
Evolutionary Synthesis - correct answer ✔✔A unified theory of evolution that combines
*genetics w/natural selection.
*Darwin & Mendel
Uniformitarianisn - correct answer ✔✔The theory that processes that occurred in the geologic past are
still at work today.
Natural Selection - correct answer ✔✔The process by which some organisms , with features that enable
them to adapt to the environment , preferentially survive and reproduce, thereby increasing the
frequency of those features in the population.
*reduces variation
Adaptive Radiation - correct answer ✔✔The diversification of an ancestral group of organisms into new
forms that are adapted to specific environmental niches.
Prokaryotic Cell - correct answer ✔✔No nuclear membranes or organelles and their genetic material as a
single strand in the cytoplasm.
, Single Cell
Eukaryotic Cell - correct answer ✔✔Have a membrane-bound nucleus containing both the genetic
material and specialized organelles.
Multicelled
Somatic Cell - correct answer ✔✔Diploid cells that form the organs, tissues, and other parts of an
organism's body.
Nucleotide - correct answer ✔✔The building block of DNA & RNA, comprised of a sugar, a phosphate
group, & one of the four nitrogen bases.
Dominant - correct answer ✔✔Refers to an allele that is expressed in an organism's phenotype & that
simultaneously masks the effects of another allele, if another one is present.
Structural Genes - correct answer ✔✔Genes coded to produce particular products, such as an enzyme or
hormone, rather than for regulatory proteins.
*hair, blood, other tissues
Pleitropy - correct answer ✔✔One gene affects multiple.
*tree chart
Polygenic - correct answer ✔✔Multiple genes working together to have an effect.
Protein Synthesis - correct answer ✔✔1)TRANSCRIPTION inside nucleus
-begins like DNA replication
-U instead of T --->mRNA
2)TRANSLATION outside nucleus
Scientific Method - correct answer ✔✔An empirical research method in which data is gathered from
observations of phenomena, hypotheses are formulated and tested, and conclusions are drawn that
validate or modify the original hypotheses.
Culture - correct answer ✔✔Learned behavior that is transmitted from person to person.
Theory - correct answer ✔✔A set of hypotheses that have been rigorously tested and validated, leading
their establishment as a generally accepted explanation of specific phenomena.
Hypotheses - correct answer ✔✔Testable statements that potentially explain specific phenomena
Evolutionary Synthesis - correct answer ✔✔A unified theory of evolution that combines
*genetics w/natural selection.
*Darwin & Mendel
Uniformitarianisn - correct answer ✔✔The theory that processes that occurred in the geologic past are
still at work today.
Natural Selection - correct answer ✔✔The process by which some organisms , with features that enable
them to adapt to the environment , preferentially survive and reproduce, thereby increasing the
frequency of those features in the population.
*reduces variation
Adaptive Radiation - correct answer ✔✔The diversification of an ancestral group of organisms into new
forms that are adapted to specific environmental niches.
Prokaryotic Cell - correct answer ✔✔No nuclear membranes or organelles and their genetic material as a
single strand in the cytoplasm.
, Single Cell
Eukaryotic Cell - correct answer ✔✔Have a membrane-bound nucleus containing both the genetic
material and specialized organelles.
Multicelled
Somatic Cell - correct answer ✔✔Diploid cells that form the organs, tissues, and other parts of an
organism's body.
Nucleotide - correct answer ✔✔The building block of DNA & RNA, comprised of a sugar, a phosphate
group, & one of the four nitrogen bases.
Dominant - correct answer ✔✔Refers to an allele that is expressed in an organism's phenotype & that
simultaneously masks the effects of another allele, if another one is present.
Structural Genes - correct answer ✔✔Genes coded to produce particular products, such as an enzyme or
hormone, rather than for regulatory proteins.
*hair, blood, other tissues
Pleitropy - correct answer ✔✔One gene affects multiple.
*tree chart
Polygenic - correct answer ✔✔Multiple genes working together to have an effect.
Protein Synthesis - correct answer ✔✔1)TRANSCRIPTION inside nucleus
-begins like DNA replication
-U instead of T --->mRNA
2)TRANSLATION outside nucleus
