Test Bank For Porth Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered
Health States 2nd Edition By Ruth Hannon
Which of the following is false?
A. Schizophrenia has been described as a disconnection between thought and
language.
B. It is a complex disorder occurring in about 10.3 % of the population in Canada.
C. It occurs in all countries and cultures, and is equally distributed amongst men and
women.
D. 10% of persons will commit suicide. - ANSWER: B. It is a complex disorder
occurring in about 10.3 % of the population in Canada.
This is FALSE. It is about 1.3 % of the population. A. is true... there is an interference
with the filtering of stimuli from the environment, which affects a person's thoughts,
feelings, perceptions and overall behaviours. C. is true... although there is a later
onset in women because estrogen is believed to be a protective factor and delays
onset of symptoms. And D is also true!
Define positive symptoms. - ANSWER: Exist but should not; excess or distortion of
normal functions.
Delusions: grandiose, nihilistic, persecutory, somatic
Hallucinations: involve 5 senses; auditory (most common), visual (2nd most
common), tactile (touch), gustatory (tastes), olfactory (smell)
Delusions are false fixed beliefs that usually involve a misinterpretation of an
experience. A person states: "I will one day take over the world. I am the smartest
human being on this planet". What type of delusion is this?
A. Nihilistic
B. Grandiose
C. Persecutory
D. Somatic - ANSWER: B. Grandiose
Grandiose: person believes that they have exceptional powers, wealth, skill,
influence or destiny.
Nihilistic: person believes that they are dead or that a calamity is pending.
Persecutory: person believes they are being watched, ridiculed, harmed or plotted
against.
Somatic: they believe they have abnormalities in their bodily functions or structures.
True or False?
,Hallucinations are perceptual experiences that occur with external sensory stimuli. -
ANSWER: FALSE!
Hallucinations are perceptual experiences that occur WITHOUT actual external
sensory stimuli. Hallucinations involve any of the 5 senses, but are usually visual or
auditory. The person may see or hear things that are not in the external world but
nevertheless are very real to the person who is experiencing them. Auditory
hallucinations range from simple to repetitive sounds, to many voices speaking at
once and can be interpreted as pleasant to distressing by the person experiencing
them. When visual hallucinations occur, they often occur in conjunction with
auditory.
Negative symptoms don't exist but should; lessening or absence of normal social and
interpersonal behaviours. A patient that once found painting soothing enjoyed it
very much has suddenly stopped and states that it just doesn't provide the same
happiness it used to is showing what type of negative symptom?
A. Alogia
B. Apathy
C. Anhedonia
D. Ambivalence
E. Avolition
F. Affective - ANSWER: C. Anhedonia
Alogia: reduced fluency and productivity of thought/speech
Avolition: withdrawal and inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activity
Apathy: Decreased reaction to stimuli with diminished interest and desire
Affective: flattening or blunting in range of emotion expressed; inappropriate affect
Anhedonia: inability to experience pleasure in things that ordinarily are pleasurable
Ambivalence: concurrent experience of equally opposing feelings making it
impossible to make a decision
* may also exhibit an increased tolerance to pain
True or False?
There are several areas of cognitive function which may be impaired in schizophrenia
and this dysfunction can occur even if the positive symptoms are in remission. -
ANSWER: TRUE!
These areas of dysfunction include: short and long term memory; vigilance or
sustained attention; verbal fluency or the ability to generate new words; executive
, functioning including volition, planning, purposive action and self monitoring
behaviours.
Disorganized symptoms include what? - ANSWER: Disorganized thinking: disturbed
speech and thinking patterns including thought content and process.
Disorganized perceptions: oversensitivity to colours, shapes and background
activities.
Illusions: misperception or exaggeration of stimuli that exists in the external
environment.
Ancillary symptoms: anxiety, depression, hostility.
Disturbances in though processes include various types of delusions. - ANSWER:
Other examples include depersonalization or the belief the one's self and one's body
is strange or unreal and magical thinking which is a belief that one's own thoughts,
words or actions have the power to cause or prevent things from happening.
Examples of disturbances in thought processes include... - ANSWER: loosening of
association where there is a lack of a logical relationship between thoughts and ideas
and conversation shifts from one topic to another in a completely unrelated manner.
Another example is thought blocking where there is an abrupt pause or interruption
in one's train of thought, after which the individual cannot recall what they were
saying.
*** see charts from notes on common disturbances of thought content and common
disturbances of thought processes
True or False?
Ancillary symptoms can be the main symptoms of Schizophrenia. - ANSWER: FALSE!
They may accompany schizophrenia (anxiety, depression, hostility) but are by no
means the main symptoms.
Disorganized behaviours are coupled with disorganized speech and may for example
include a slow, rhythmic and ritualistic movement coupled with disorganized speech.
- ANSWER: Other examples include aggression which often occurs if the person
believes someone is trying to harm them, agitation involving an inability to sit still or
attend to others which is accompanied by heightened emotions and tension,
catatonic excitement which involves a hyperactivity characterized by purposeless
activities, abnormal movements such as grimacing and posturing, echopraxia which
involves involuntary imitation of another person's movements and gestures,
regressed behaviour involving childlike and immature behaviour, stereotypy
involving repetitive purposeless movements that are idiosyncratic to the individual
and somewhat out of their control, hypervigilence involving sustained attention to
external stimuli as if expecting something important or frightening to happen, and
Health States 2nd Edition By Ruth Hannon
Which of the following is false?
A. Schizophrenia has been described as a disconnection between thought and
language.
B. It is a complex disorder occurring in about 10.3 % of the population in Canada.
C. It occurs in all countries and cultures, and is equally distributed amongst men and
women.
D. 10% of persons will commit suicide. - ANSWER: B. It is a complex disorder
occurring in about 10.3 % of the population in Canada.
This is FALSE. It is about 1.3 % of the population. A. is true... there is an interference
with the filtering of stimuli from the environment, which affects a person's thoughts,
feelings, perceptions and overall behaviours. C. is true... although there is a later
onset in women because estrogen is believed to be a protective factor and delays
onset of symptoms. And D is also true!
Define positive symptoms. - ANSWER: Exist but should not; excess or distortion of
normal functions.
Delusions: grandiose, nihilistic, persecutory, somatic
Hallucinations: involve 5 senses; auditory (most common), visual (2nd most
common), tactile (touch), gustatory (tastes), olfactory (smell)
Delusions are false fixed beliefs that usually involve a misinterpretation of an
experience. A person states: "I will one day take over the world. I am the smartest
human being on this planet". What type of delusion is this?
A. Nihilistic
B. Grandiose
C. Persecutory
D. Somatic - ANSWER: B. Grandiose
Grandiose: person believes that they have exceptional powers, wealth, skill,
influence or destiny.
Nihilistic: person believes that they are dead or that a calamity is pending.
Persecutory: person believes they are being watched, ridiculed, harmed or plotted
against.
Somatic: they believe they have abnormalities in their bodily functions or structures.
True or False?
,Hallucinations are perceptual experiences that occur with external sensory stimuli. -
ANSWER: FALSE!
Hallucinations are perceptual experiences that occur WITHOUT actual external
sensory stimuli. Hallucinations involve any of the 5 senses, but are usually visual or
auditory. The person may see or hear things that are not in the external world but
nevertheless are very real to the person who is experiencing them. Auditory
hallucinations range from simple to repetitive sounds, to many voices speaking at
once and can be interpreted as pleasant to distressing by the person experiencing
them. When visual hallucinations occur, they often occur in conjunction with
auditory.
Negative symptoms don't exist but should; lessening or absence of normal social and
interpersonal behaviours. A patient that once found painting soothing enjoyed it
very much has suddenly stopped and states that it just doesn't provide the same
happiness it used to is showing what type of negative symptom?
A. Alogia
B. Apathy
C. Anhedonia
D. Ambivalence
E. Avolition
F. Affective - ANSWER: C. Anhedonia
Alogia: reduced fluency and productivity of thought/speech
Avolition: withdrawal and inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activity
Apathy: Decreased reaction to stimuli with diminished interest and desire
Affective: flattening or blunting in range of emotion expressed; inappropriate affect
Anhedonia: inability to experience pleasure in things that ordinarily are pleasurable
Ambivalence: concurrent experience of equally opposing feelings making it
impossible to make a decision
* may also exhibit an increased tolerance to pain
True or False?
There are several areas of cognitive function which may be impaired in schizophrenia
and this dysfunction can occur even if the positive symptoms are in remission. -
ANSWER: TRUE!
These areas of dysfunction include: short and long term memory; vigilance or
sustained attention; verbal fluency or the ability to generate new words; executive
, functioning including volition, planning, purposive action and self monitoring
behaviours.
Disorganized symptoms include what? - ANSWER: Disorganized thinking: disturbed
speech and thinking patterns including thought content and process.
Disorganized perceptions: oversensitivity to colours, shapes and background
activities.
Illusions: misperception or exaggeration of stimuli that exists in the external
environment.
Ancillary symptoms: anxiety, depression, hostility.
Disturbances in though processes include various types of delusions. - ANSWER:
Other examples include depersonalization or the belief the one's self and one's body
is strange or unreal and magical thinking which is a belief that one's own thoughts,
words or actions have the power to cause or prevent things from happening.
Examples of disturbances in thought processes include... - ANSWER: loosening of
association where there is a lack of a logical relationship between thoughts and ideas
and conversation shifts from one topic to another in a completely unrelated manner.
Another example is thought blocking where there is an abrupt pause or interruption
in one's train of thought, after which the individual cannot recall what they were
saying.
*** see charts from notes on common disturbances of thought content and common
disturbances of thought processes
True or False?
Ancillary symptoms can be the main symptoms of Schizophrenia. - ANSWER: FALSE!
They may accompany schizophrenia (anxiety, depression, hostility) but are by no
means the main symptoms.
Disorganized behaviours are coupled with disorganized speech and may for example
include a slow, rhythmic and ritualistic movement coupled with disorganized speech.
- ANSWER: Other examples include aggression which often occurs if the person
believes someone is trying to harm them, agitation involving an inability to sit still or
attend to others which is accompanied by heightened emotions and tension,
catatonic excitement which involves a hyperactivity characterized by purposeless
activities, abnormal movements such as grimacing and posturing, echopraxia which
involves involuntary imitation of another person's movements and gestures,
regressed behaviour involving childlike and immature behaviour, stereotypy
involving repetitive purposeless movements that are idiosyncratic to the individual
and somewhat out of their control, hypervigilence involving sustained attention to
external stimuli as if expecting something important or frightening to happen, and
