©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Wednesday, July 31, 2024 9:10 AM
CNN Exam- Chronic Kidney Disease
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
List the limitations of the modification diet of renal disease (MDRD) and Cockgraft-Gault
equations - ✔️✔️The major limitation for both equations is that at glomerular filtration
rates above 60, their estimation is not accurate. The equation is much more accurate for
stages II to V.
Cockgraft-Gault does not take into account ethnicity or nutritional status. The MDRD is
preferred because it has been extensively studied and takes into account other
variables.
MDRD is limited in that it only accounts for 1 race (black). Other minority groups are not
accounted for and thus their GFR may not be truly representative.
***TAKE AWAY*** Both are less accurate with GFR greater than 60.
List the Cockgraft-Gault equation - ✔️✔️Calculated by the following:
(140-age) x lean body mass (kg) / serum creatinine (mg/dl) x 72. The equation is further
modified by multiplying the result by 0.85 for woman (as a way for accounting for the
lower body mass).
The Cockgraft-Gault equation is easily memorized and only requires one blood test to
calculate, the serum creatinine.
1
, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Wednesday, July 31, 2024 9:10 AM
Limited by variances in the body mass (relies on serum creatinine for calculations). Can
be over or under estimated based on GFR.
It also loses accuracy in patients with amputated limbs, particularly the lower extremity
List the Modification Diet of Renal Disease equation - ✔️✔️Calculated by using:
(Age) exp[-0.176] x (BUN [mg/dl]) exp[-0.170] x (Alb [g/dl]) exp[+0.318] x (0.762 if
female0 x (1.18 if black)
Complicated equation and shouldn't be memorized.
-Regarded as being more accurate method
-Widely studied and also accounts for nutrition and ethnicity
-Limitations include losing accuracy at GFR greater than 60 and lab errors
-Serum BUN and albumin required and if inaccurate or inconsistent, will be effected
-Limited by patients with unusual body mass as is seen with obese, malnourished and
amputees
Describe appropriate dialysate calcium concentrations in patients on either
hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis - ✔️✔️The dialysate concentration is normally set to
2.5 mEq/L. At this concentration, little or no calcium is exchanged between dialysate
and the serum.
In patients with elevated calcium levels a lower dialysate concentration will be needed
to remove excess calcium. Conversely, if patients need calcium, a dialysate
concentration of 3.5 mEq/L will provide calcium to the patient. Initial therapy to raise the
serum calcium level is through both calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
2
CNN Exam- Chronic Kidney Disease
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
List the limitations of the modification diet of renal disease (MDRD) and Cockgraft-Gault
equations - ✔️✔️The major limitation for both equations is that at glomerular filtration
rates above 60, their estimation is not accurate. The equation is much more accurate for
stages II to V.
Cockgraft-Gault does not take into account ethnicity or nutritional status. The MDRD is
preferred because it has been extensively studied and takes into account other
variables.
MDRD is limited in that it only accounts for 1 race (black). Other minority groups are not
accounted for and thus their GFR may not be truly representative.
***TAKE AWAY*** Both are less accurate with GFR greater than 60.
List the Cockgraft-Gault equation - ✔️✔️Calculated by the following:
(140-age) x lean body mass (kg) / serum creatinine (mg/dl) x 72. The equation is further
modified by multiplying the result by 0.85 for woman (as a way for accounting for the
lower body mass).
The Cockgraft-Gault equation is easily memorized and only requires one blood test to
calculate, the serum creatinine.
1
, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Wednesday, July 31, 2024 9:10 AM
Limited by variances in the body mass (relies on serum creatinine for calculations). Can
be over or under estimated based on GFR.
It also loses accuracy in patients with amputated limbs, particularly the lower extremity
List the Modification Diet of Renal Disease equation - ✔️✔️Calculated by using:
(Age) exp[-0.176] x (BUN [mg/dl]) exp[-0.170] x (Alb [g/dl]) exp[+0.318] x (0.762 if
female0 x (1.18 if black)
Complicated equation and shouldn't be memorized.
-Regarded as being more accurate method
-Widely studied and also accounts for nutrition and ethnicity
-Limitations include losing accuracy at GFR greater than 60 and lab errors
-Serum BUN and albumin required and if inaccurate or inconsistent, will be effected
-Limited by patients with unusual body mass as is seen with obese, malnourished and
amputees
Describe appropriate dialysate calcium concentrations in patients on either
hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis - ✔️✔️The dialysate concentration is normally set to
2.5 mEq/L. At this concentration, little or no calcium is exchanged between dialysate
and the serum.
In patients with elevated calcium levels a lower dialysate concentration will be needed
to remove excess calcium. Conversely, if patients need calcium, a dialysate
concentration of 3.5 mEq/L will provide calcium to the patient. Initial therapy to raise the
serum calcium level is through both calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
2
