Genetics and Heredity

Genetics and Heredity Heredity ️the passing on of traits from parent to off-spring Trait ️a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes, eye color, Hair color Purebred ️an organism with two dominant or two recessive genes for a trait, TT, tt Fertilization ️the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell Gene ️factors that control a trait; found on a chromosome Alleles ️different form of a gene (ex. T or t) Dominant Allele ️trait always shows up when present; represented by a capital letter, T Recessive Allele ️trait is hidden when the dominant allele is present; represented by a lower case letter, t Hybrid ️a genotype with two different alleles, Tt Probability ️the likelihood an event will occur Punnett Square ️tool or chart used to determine all the possible outcomed of a genetic cross; determines POSSIBLE genotype for offspring Genotype ️combination of alleles (ex. Tt or Hh) Phenotype ️physical expression of genes (ex. tall or short) Homozygous ️two of the same alleles (ex. TT or tt) Heterozygous ️two diferent alleles (ex. Tt or Hh) Incomplete Dominance ️occurs when one allele is only partially dominate. A cross with Red Flowers RR, and White Flowers WW would produce and Blend, RW pink flowers Chromosome Theory of Inheritance ️genes are carried on chromosomes from parent to offspring Meiosis ️process where chromosomes are reduced to half the number found in other body cells; forms sex cells - sperm and egg Chromosomes ️genes linked together Mutations ️causes cell to make change to the proteins its making; 3 types - substitution, deletion, addition P generation ️parent generation F generation ️Family Generation Genetics ️The study of Heredity