TEST BANK FOR INTRODUCTORY TO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12TH EDITION By Susan M Ford

TEST BANK FOR INTRODUCTORY TO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12TH EDITION By Susan M Ford Chapter 01, General Principles of Pharmacology 1. After teaching a group of students about the basics of pharmacology, the students will be able to choose which aspect as the most critical to remember? A) Drug name B) Drug class C) Drug action D) Drug source ANS: C AXPLANATION: Pharmacology is the study of drugs and its action on living organisms. Thus, an essential aspect of pharmacology is drug action. An understanding of the drug name, drug class, and drug source is important, but the most critical aspect related to pharmacology is how the drug acts in the body. Question Format: Multiple Choice Chapter: 1 Learning Objective: 1 Cognitive Level: Apply Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Reference: p. 3, Introduction 2. A caregiver suspects the patient had an adverse reaction to a prescribed medication due to an interaction with an unreported over-the-counter supplement. Which action by the caregiver will best assist in preventing future similar incidents? A) File a report with MedWatch B) File a report with the State Board of Nursing C) Instruct the patient to avoid combining medications in the future D) Document the incident and report it to the health care provider ANS: A AXPLANATION: Caregivers play an important role in monitoring for adverse reactions. Therefore, it is important to submit reports, even if there is uncertainty about the cause–effect relationship. The FDA protects the identity of those who voluntarily report adverse reactions. Question Format: Multiple Choice Chapter: 1 Learning Objective: 9 Cognitive Level: Apply Patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control Integrated Process: Clinical Problem-solving Process (Nursing Process) Reference: p. 7, Box 1.1 MedWatch and Reporting Adverse Events 3. A caregiver is assessing a patient and notes the patient has developed swelling of the eyelids and lips after administration of a prescribed medication. What does the caregiver interpret this finding to specifically indicate? A) Mild allergic reaction B) Anaphylactic shock C) Angioedema D) Drug idiosyncrasy ANS: C AXPLANATION: Angioedema is a type of allergic drug reaction manifested by the collection of fluid in the subcutaneous tissues, most commonly affecting the eyelids, lips, mouth, and throat. Allergic reactions can be manifested by a wide range of signs and symptoms such as itching, rashes, and hives. Anaphylactic shock is a serious allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Drug idiosyncrasy describes any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug, one that is different from the one normally expected. Question Format: Multiple Choice Chapter: 1 Learning Objective: 5 Cognitive Level: Apply Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential Integrated Process: Clinical Problem-solving Process (Nursing Process) Reference: p. 12, Allergic Drug Reactions 4. The caregiver is preparing to teach a patient about a new drug which is in the fourth phase of development. Which activity will the caregiver explain best illustrates this phase? A) Health care providers report adverse effects to FDA. B) Healthy volunteers are involved in the test. C) In vitro tests are performed using human cells. D) The drug is given to patients with the disease. ANS: A AXPLANATION: The postmarketing surveillance phase of drug development encourages health care professionals to report adverse effects of drugs to the FDA using MedWatch. Phase 1 of clinical testing involves 20 to 100 healthy volunteers. In vitro testing of the drug on human or animal cells is done in the pre-FDA phase. In Phase 2 of clinical testing, the drug is given to patients with the disease for which the drug is manufactured. Question Format: Multiple Choice Chapter: 1 Learning Objective: 4 Cognitive Level: Apply Patient Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Reference: p. 7, Concept Mastery Alert 5. A caregiver is assessing a pregnant patient who admits to having a cocaine addiction. Which condition of the baby after birth should the caregiver explain and prepare the patient for? A) Diabetes B) Hypertension C) Addiction to drugs D) CNS defects ANS: C AXPLANATION: The caregiver informs the patient that children born to mothers using addictive drugs are often born with an addiction to the drug. Children born to mothers who are addicted to cocaine are not known to be born with diabetes, CNS defects, or hypertension. Question Format: Multiple Choice Chapter: 1 Learning Objective: 6 Cognitive Level: Apply Patient Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Reference: p. 11, Drug Use, Pregnancy, and Lactation 6. A patient arrives at the health care clinic and reports taking several pills for a headache and severe cough without relief. Which adverse effect should the caregiver be aware may develop from this combination? A) Gastrointestinal bleeding B) Breathing difficulties C) Liver damage D) Anaphylaxis ANS: C AXPLANATION: Consumers should be urged to carefully read the directions before taking over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, as these drugs are not without risks. For example, acetaminophen, commonly used for pain relief, is also found in many OTC products, such as cough and cold remedies. When taken for both pain and in a cold remedy, this accumulative amount of the drug can potentially harm a person's liver. Aspirin presents the potential adverse reaction of gastrointestinal bleeding. An allergic reaction could result in breathing difficulties and anaphylaxis. Question Format: Multiple Choice Chapter: 1 Learning Objective: 5 Cognitive Level: Apply Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies Integrated Process: Clinical Problem-solving Process (Nursing Process) Reference: p. 5, Nonprescription Drugs 7. The caregiver notes on assessment after administration of a drug that the patient has developed itching and a skin rash. The caregiver interprets these findings as indicating which possible reaction? A) Toxicity B) Allergic reaction C) Angioedema D) Crystalluria ANS: B AXPLANATION: Allergic reactions are manifested by a variety of signs and symptoms including itching, skin rashes, and hives. Swollen eyelids, lips, and mouth are some of the symptoms of angioedema, an allergic drug reaction that may block the airway, causing asphyxia. Toxicity or toxic reactions are caused when blood concentration levels exceed the therapeutic level of drugs. Reduced blood pressure is called hypotension. Crystals in the urine are symptoms of crystalluria. Question Format: Multiple Choice Chapter: 1 Learning Objective: 5 Cognitive Level: Apply Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies Integrated Process: Clinical Problem-solving Process (Nursing Process) Reference: p. 12, Allergic Drug Reactions