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Summary Drugs - IGCSE Biology Notes

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Summary of 4 pages for the course Unit 15 - Drugs at CIE (FULL Notes)

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drugs
substances affects modifies chemical
taken into the body that or reaction
-




medicinal drugs




·
antibiotics ·
medicines that help stop bacterial infections




i
·




,




·
attacks bacterial cell walls
·




&
-

Inhibits protein synthesis within the bacteria

2
·




from
prevents the bac teria
producing peptidoglycan
·
,




the macromolecule that strengthens the cell wall


·
inhibits bacterial reproduction


largely target the bacteria's metabolic
pathways




·
antibiotic resistance occurs when an antibiotic is no longer effective towards a specific bacteria




>
-
-




resistant bacteria


·
bacteria develops the ability to survive
·

the antibiotic resistant bacteria are free to



exposure to antibiotics that were grow , multiply and cause infections within



to kill inhibit bacteria the host
designed or even when exposed to antibiotics




·

prevention of antibiotic ·


completing a full course of medication


resistance for
relying on natural Immunity and herbal medications minor illnesses



using than I of for successive
more type antibiotics illnesses




·


why don't antibiotics work ·
viruses are not made of cells and they are not metabolically active (don't contain



against viruses ? targets antibiotics would bind to)


misused drugs use of a substance for a
purpose not consistent with legal or medical guidelines

such as :




·


oploid
-


they treat pain as
they ac t at the body's receptor sites for endorphins ,
which is



the body's natural pain reducer /different class of drugs than depressants

ex heroin ,
morphine , codeine , etc
.




·

depressants
-
lower body functions and neural activity

ex . alcohol , barbiturates ,
benzodiazepines , etc .



stimulants Intensify neural activity and bodily functions
-
·




ex . Caffeine , nicotine , cocaine ,
etc .



·


hallucinogens -
alter the user's awareness of their surroundings ,
thoughts and feelings by affecting

serotonin (stabilizes mood and happiness) receptors

ex .
Marijuana ,
LSD ,
psilocybin
. etc
.




antibiotics largely target bacteria's metabolic find
the pathways and since viruses are not
metabolically active antibiotics cannot
·
,




to bind
targets to



·
stimulants intensify neural activities and depressants do the
opposite

·

Opioids target endorphin receptors and hallucinogens target serotonin (and sometimes) receptors

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