Respiration Summary Notes

I

, Coenzymes used in respiration

NAD/FAD

·
molecules are denydrogenated (hydrogen atoms are removed) from the substrate + carried .
by NAD/FAD



S
NAD + H NADH /reduced NAD
NAD + -AD have a reducing
power Add proton molecules
.




FAR + H -
FADH2 (reduced FAD)

·
Both NAD + FAD are hydrogen carriers FAD Is not involved in aerobic
-
respiration.

Coenzyme A


carries acetate molecules , made from pyruvate during the link reaction , onto Kreps cycles, only
·




Involved Inderobic respiration .

substrate level phosphorylation

Def . Direct transfer of phosphate from one Molecule of ATP

Some ATP
·
produced in aerobic respiration is produced by substrate level phosphorylation .




·
all ATP produced in anaerobic respiration is produced by substrate level phosphorylation.
substrate level phosphorylation
XP + ADD -
X + ATP

Glycolysis
Stage 1

activation of glucose
:
Phosphorylation

by phosphorylation
↳
stored as glycogen stores (speetal muscles glycogen , f a
comesfromeatingcarbohydrates
-




,


· incose
I
↑ stable Molecule




ATP
↓
ATP
↓ lydrolysis OfAT
ADP + Pi ADD + Pl




Cnexose 3 pp
bisphosphate
glucose made more
reaction ,
more unstable
ATP Used = 2




Stage 2 : Oxidation


Splitting of -
3 carbon Triose phosphate
.




2
phosphorylated hass carbons each with a
nexose sugar Phosphate .
lon
P P
reduced NADH produced

2
2


&
t Triose
NAD-A NADH phosphate NAD" NADH
hydrogen
245 , loses - 2H
ADP Pi ATP


7
+ -
ADP + Pi-ATP
D EHYROGENATION
2) ↓
-ATP produced substrate level
ADD + Pi - ATP ATP Oxidised
ADD + Pi -ATP phosphorylation
Income from
of cells
cytoplasm ↳ comes from cytoplasm .

Of cell
Forms 2x pyruvate
=




* net gain of ATP = 2

↳D2 used
ID 4 -
2 = 2