imaging
True
Uses Radioactive tracers known as Radiopharmaceuticals and introduced to the
body via injection, ingestion, or inhalation
True or False: Nuclear medicine uses radioactive tracers.
A - Provides a universal language and set of principles to avoid imaging overuse
Which of the following is NOT true regarding CDR's?
A) Specifically used by certain clinicians aimed to increase the use imaging
techniques.
B) Have been found to have good predictive power and accuracy.
C) Exist to assist clinicians in making diagnostic assessments.
D) All of the above are true
True
True or False: The Nexus Low-Risk Criteria are used to identify patients following
trauma who do not need diagnostic imaging for the cervical spine.
1) No posterior midline cervical tenderness
2) No evidence of intoxication
3) Normal level of alertness and consciousness
4) No focal neurologic deficit
5) No painful distracting injuries
ALL must be met to clear there is no need for imaging
What are the 5 criteria defined by the Nexus Low Risk Criteria for the cervical spine
following trauma?
An injury in an area other than the cervical spine that may distract the patient from
neck pain
What do the Nexus Low Risk Criteria consider a distracting injury?
1) Age of greater than or equal to 65 years OR
2) Trauma due to dangerous mechanism OR
3) Paresthesia in the extremities
if any ARE met, refer for imaging
What is the first set of criteria for the Canadian C-Spine Rules?
1) involved in a simple rear-end MVC OR
2) in a sitting position in the ED OR
3) ambulatory at any time OR
4) Delayed onset of neck pain was OR
5) Absence of midline c-spine tenderness OR
if any NONE met, refer for imaging
What is the second set of criteria for the Canadian C-Spine Rules?
Ability to turn the neck 45 degrees to the left and right.
if UNABLE to, refer for imaging
What is the third set of criteria for the Canadian C-Spine Rules?
, Pain at mid-foot AND 5th MT
Pain at navicular bone OR
Inability to bear weight immediately and in the ED
What are the Ottawa Foot Rules?
Pain at either malleoli AND
Pain at the posterior lateral malleolar tip OR
Pain at the posterior medial malleolar tip OR
Inability to bear weight immediately and in the ED
What are the Ottawa ankle rules?
Blunt trauma or fall mechanism AND
Age under 12 or over 50 OR
Inability to walk four steps in the ER room
What is the Pittsburgh Decision Rule for knee trauma
C) operator error
Only as good as the individual using the modality; can often lead to perceptions of
being unreliable when left in poor hands
Which of the following is the biggest disadvantage of ultra sound as an imaging tool?
A) poor image resolution
B) cost
C) operator error
D) it is an outdated method and has more efficient alternatives
Examination
Evaluation
Diagnosis (imaging falls in this category)
Prognosis (including POC)
Intervention
Re-evaluation
What are the elements of patient client management?
Bone is broken into more than 2 pieces
What constitutes a comminuted fracture.
B) Primarily intended to be used to help patients avoid trauma
Primarily intended to be used following trauma
Which of the following is NOT true regarding CDR's
A) Exist to assist clinicians in making diagnoses & prognostic assessments
B) Primarily intended to be used to help patients avoid trauma
C) Predictive in nature
D) Intended to rule out fractures
False
Physical therapists have been shown to have equivalent ability compared to
orthopedic surgeons in physical exam quality-diagnosis
True
Uses Radioactive tracers known as Radiopharmaceuticals and introduced to the
body via injection, ingestion, or inhalation
True or False: Nuclear medicine uses radioactive tracers.
A - Provides a universal language and set of principles to avoid imaging overuse
Which of the following is NOT true regarding CDR's?
A) Specifically used by certain clinicians aimed to increase the use imaging
techniques.
B) Have been found to have good predictive power and accuracy.
C) Exist to assist clinicians in making diagnostic assessments.
D) All of the above are true
True
True or False: The Nexus Low-Risk Criteria are used to identify patients following
trauma who do not need diagnostic imaging for the cervical spine.
1) No posterior midline cervical tenderness
2) No evidence of intoxication
3) Normal level of alertness and consciousness
4) No focal neurologic deficit
5) No painful distracting injuries
ALL must be met to clear there is no need for imaging
What are the 5 criteria defined by the Nexus Low Risk Criteria for the cervical spine
following trauma?
An injury in an area other than the cervical spine that may distract the patient from
neck pain
What do the Nexus Low Risk Criteria consider a distracting injury?
1) Age of greater than or equal to 65 years OR
2) Trauma due to dangerous mechanism OR
3) Paresthesia in the extremities
if any ARE met, refer for imaging
What is the first set of criteria for the Canadian C-Spine Rules?
1) involved in a simple rear-end MVC OR
2) in a sitting position in the ED OR
3) ambulatory at any time OR
4) Delayed onset of neck pain was OR
5) Absence of midline c-spine tenderness OR
if any NONE met, refer for imaging
What is the second set of criteria for the Canadian C-Spine Rules?
Ability to turn the neck 45 degrees to the left and right.
if UNABLE to, refer for imaging
What is the third set of criteria for the Canadian C-Spine Rules?
, Pain at mid-foot AND 5th MT
Pain at navicular bone OR
Inability to bear weight immediately and in the ED
What are the Ottawa Foot Rules?
Pain at either malleoli AND
Pain at the posterior lateral malleolar tip OR
Pain at the posterior medial malleolar tip OR
Inability to bear weight immediately and in the ED
What are the Ottawa ankle rules?
Blunt trauma or fall mechanism AND
Age under 12 or over 50 OR
Inability to walk four steps in the ER room
What is the Pittsburgh Decision Rule for knee trauma
C) operator error
Only as good as the individual using the modality; can often lead to perceptions of
being unreliable when left in poor hands
Which of the following is the biggest disadvantage of ultra sound as an imaging tool?
A) poor image resolution
B) cost
C) operator error
D) it is an outdated method and has more efficient alternatives
Examination
Evaluation
Diagnosis (imaging falls in this category)
Prognosis (including POC)
Intervention
Re-evaluation
What are the elements of patient client management?
Bone is broken into more than 2 pieces
What constitutes a comminuted fracture.
B) Primarily intended to be used to help patients avoid trauma
Primarily intended to be used following trauma
Which of the following is NOT true regarding CDR's
A) Exist to assist clinicians in making diagnoses & prognostic assessments
B) Primarily intended to be used to help patients avoid trauma
C) Predictive in nature
D) Intended to rule out fractures
False
Physical therapists have been shown to have equivalent ability compared to
orthopedic surgeons in physical exam quality-diagnosis
