Microbiology Ivy Tech BIOL201
An internal segment of bacterial mRNA sequence consisting of 333 nucleotides will
code for ____________ amino acids. - ANS-111
A mutant strain of an organism having a nutritional requirement for growth is called a(n)
________. - ANS-auxotroph
Anticodons are part of the ____________ molecule. - ANS-transfer RNA
A phenotype is the _____. - ANS-physical appearance of an organism
During ________, the nucleotides of the genetic code are deciphered and converted
into the amino acids that will form a protein. - ANS-translation
For DNA replication, initiation proteins bind to the DNA at the ____________. -
ANS-replication fork
________ is the science of heredity and the field that studies the structure and
expression of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule. - ANS-Genetics
________ is the sequence of bases in the DNA or codons in the RNA that specify a
specific polypeptide. - ANS-Genetic code
________ is when the DNA unwinds and the strands separate. - ANS-Initiation
Pathogenicity islands are: - ANS-gene sequences that code for toxins and other factors.
Plasmids are _____. - ANS-accessory genetic information
Spontaneous mutations could arise from _____. - ANS-atmospheric radiation,
addition of insertion sequences,
DNA replication errors
The Ames test is used to _____. - ANS-identify potential human carcinogens
The antibiotic tetracycline binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit; this prevents: -
ANS-chain initiation
,The complete set of genetic information for an organism or virus is called the ________.
- ANS-genome
The discontinuous synthesis on the lagging strand results from the DNA polymerase
moving away from the replication fork. This results in the formation of short DNA
fragments, called ________, which are eventually joined by a DNA ligase. -
ANS-Okazaki fragments
The DNA replication is carried out: - ANS-by a multiprotein complex of 20 to 30 proteins.
The information in a chromosome may be altered through a permanent change in the
DNA, which is called a ________. - ANS-mutation
Which of the following is not part of an operon? - ANS-Sequencer
Which agent listed below facilitates DNA supercoiling? - ANS-nucleoid-associated
proteins
Which of the following types of RNA function to bring the amino acids to the ribosome
for assembly into a polypeptide chain? - ANS-Transfer RNA
Which one of the following does NOT apply to plasmids? - ANS-They are essential for
growth.
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the bacterial chromosome? -
ANS-It is diploid.
Which one of the following could NOT cause a change in the mRNA reading frame? -
ANS-Base-pair substitution
Who was able to capture the structure of DNA using X-ray crystallography? -
ANS-Franklin
Select the phrase related most to transformation, conjugation, or transduction. -
ANS-Requires the intervention of a virus - Transduction
Requires contact between donor and recipient cells - Conjugation
Commonly involves F factor transfer - Conjugation
,Was first observed in pneumococci by Griffith - Transformation
Involves an Hfr cell - Conjugation
May follow a release of DNA fragments from a dead cell - Transformation
F factor transfer converts the recipient to F+ - Conjugation
DNA from the environment enters a recipient cell - Transformation
A DNA molecule containing DNA segments spliced together from two or more
organisms is called a ________. - ANS-recombinant DNA molecule
Select the phrase related most to transformation, conjugation, or transduction. -
ANS-Requires the intervention of a virus. - Transduction
Requires contact between donor and recipient cells - Conjugation
Commonly involves F factor transfer - Conjugation
Was first observed in pneumococci by Griffith - Transformation
Involves an Hfr cell. - Conjugation
May follow a release of DNA fragments from a dead cell. - Transformation
F factor transfer converts the recipient to F+ - Conjugation
DNA from the environment enters a recipient cell - Transformation
Involves DNA replication by the rolling circle method - Conjugation
All of the following statements are true EXCEPT: - ANS-plasmids are transferred to
recipient cells by transduction
Which one of the following is NOT an example of genetic recombination? - ANS-Binary
fission
An F- cell is unable to initiate conjugation because it lacks ______. - ANS-an F factor
, When the F factor is transferred to a bacterial cell during conjugation, the recipient cell
__________. - ANS-converts to a donor cell
An Hfr cell ______. - ANS-has a chromosomally integrated F factor
Transformation refers to ______. - ANS-DNA fragments transferred between live donor
and recipient bacterial cells
A(n) _____ seals sticky ends of recombinant DNA segments. - ANS-DNA ligase
The process of conjugation requires that __________. - ANS-two live bacterial cells
come together
_____ are single-stranded DNA molecules that can recognize and bind to a distinctive
nucleotide sequence of a pathogen. - ANS-DNA probes
The F factor in a bacterium is actually a __________. - ANS-plasmid
Besides HGT, __________ is another way to permanently alter the genetic material in a
bacterial cell. - ANS-mutation
The ability of some bacterial genera to undergo transformation depends on their
_________. - ANS-competence
In gram-negative species, the process of conjugation starts with a donor cell that has
a(n) ______. - ANS-F factor
Some strains of a bacterial species contain clusters of up to 25 genes that are
absentfrom other strains of the same species. These are called: - ANS-genomic islands.
In the recombination process called ________, two bacterial cells come together and
the donor cell directly transfers plasmid DNA to the recipient cell. - ANS-conjugation
A chemical agent that disrupts minor chemical reactions and slows microbial
metabolism, which results in a longer time between generations is called a(n) _____. -
ANS-microbiostatic
A halogen often used as a tincture for wound disinfection. - ANS-Iodine
An internal segment of bacterial mRNA sequence consisting of 333 nucleotides will
code for ____________ amino acids. - ANS-111
A mutant strain of an organism having a nutritional requirement for growth is called a(n)
________. - ANS-auxotroph
Anticodons are part of the ____________ molecule. - ANS-transfer RNA
A phenotype is the _____. - ANS-physical appearance of an organism
During ________, the nucleotides of the genetic code are deciphered and converted
into the amino acids that will form a protein. - ANS-translation
For DNA replication, initiation proteins bind to the DNA at the ____________. -
ANS-replication fork
________ is the science of heredity and the field that studies the structure and
expression of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule. - ANS-Genetics
________ is the sequence of bases in the DNA or codons in the RNA that specify a
specific polypeptide. - ANS-Genetic code
________ is when the DNA unwinds and the strands separate. - ANS-Initiation
Pathogenicity islands are: - ANS-gene sequences that code for toxins and other factors.
Plasmids are _____. - ANS-accessory genetic information
Spontaneous mutations could arise from _____. - ANS-atmospheric radiation,
addition of insertion sequences,
DNA replication errors
The Ames test is used to _____. - ANS-identify potential human carcinogens
The antibiotic tetracycline binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit; this prevents: -
ANS-chain initiation
,The complete set of genetic information for an organism or virus is called the ________.
- ANS-genome
The discontinuous synthesis on the lagging strand results from the DNA polymerase
moving away from the replication fork. This results in the formation of short DNA
fragments, called ________, which are eventually joined by a DNA ligase. -
ANS-Okazaki fragments
The DNA replication is carried out: - ANS-by a multiprotein complex of 20 to 30 proteins.
The information in a chromosome may be altered through a permanent change in the
DNA, which is called a ________. - ANS-mutation
Which of the following is not part of an operon? - ANS-Sequencer
Which agent listed below facilitates DNA supercoiling? - ANS-nucleoid-associated
proteins
Which of the following types of RNA function to bring the amino acids to the ribosome
for assembly into a polypeptide chain? - ANS-Transfer RNA
Which one of the following does NOT apply to plasmids? - ANS-They are essential for
growth.
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the bacterial chromosome? -
ANS-It is diploid.
Which one of the following could NOT cause a change in the mRNA reading frame? -
ANS-Base-pair substitution
Who was able to capture the structure of DNA using X-ray crystallography? -
ANS-Franklin
Select the phrase related most to transformation, conjugation, or transduction. -
ANS-Requires the intervention of a virus - Transduction
Requires contact between donor and recipient cells - Conjugation
Commonly involves F factor transfer - Conjugation
,Was first observed in pneumococci by Griffith - Transformation
Involves an Hfr cell - Conjugation
May follow a release of DNA fragments from a dead cell - Transformation
F factor transfer converts the recipient to F+ - Conjugation
DNA from the environment enters a recipient cell - Transformation
A DNA molecule containing DNA segments spliced together from two or more
organisms is called a ________. - ANS-recombinant DNA molecule
Select the phrase related most to transformation, conjugation, or transduction. -
ANS-Requires the intervention of a virus. - Transduction
Requires contact between donor and recipient cells - Conjugation
Commonly involves F factor transfer - Conjugation
Was first observed in pneumococci by Griffith - Transformation
Involves an Hfr cell. - Conjugation
May follow a release of DNA fragments from a dead cell. - Transformation
F factor transfer converts the recipient to F+ - Conjugation
DNA from the environment enters a recipient cell - Transformation
Involves DNA replication by the rolling circle method - Conjugation
All of the following statements are true EXCEPT: - ANS-plasmids are transferred to
recipient cells by transduction
Which one of the following is NOT an example of genetic recombination? - ANS-Binary
fission
An F- cell is unable to initiate conjugation because it lacks ______. - ANS-an F factor
, When the F factor is transferred to a bacterial cell during conjugation, the recipient cell
__________. - ANS-converts to a donor cell
An Hfr cell ______. - ANS-has a chromosomally integrated F factor
Transformation refers to ______. - ANS-DNA fragments transferred between live donor
and recipient bacterial cells
A(n) _____ seals sticky ends of recombinant DNA segments. - ANS-DNA ligase
The process of conjugation requires that __________. - ANS-two live bacterial cells
come together
_____ are single-stranded DNA molecules that can recognize and bind to a distinctive
nucleotide sequence of a pathogen. - ANS-DNA probes
The F factor in a bacterium is actually a __________. - ANS-plasmid
Besides HGT, __________ is another way to permanently alter the genetic material in a
bacterial cell. - ANS-mutation
The ability of some bacterial genera to undergo transformation depends on their
_________. - ANS-competence
In gram-negative species, the process of conjugation starts with a donor cell that has
a(n) ______. - ANS-F factor
Some strains of a bacterial species contain clusters of up to 25 genes that are
absentfrom other strains of the same species. These are called: - ANS-genomic islands.
In the recombination process called ________, two bacterial cells come together and
the donor cell directly transfers plasmid DNA to the recipient cell. - ANS-conjugation
A chemical agent that disrupts minor chemical reactions and slows microbial
metabolism, which results in a longer time between generations is called a(n) _____. -
ANS-microbiostatic
A halogen often used as a tincture for wound disinfection. - ANS-Iodine
