APES CRASH COURSE
negative feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER-a state of adjustment that helps
keep a system stable ex. heating and air conditioners
postitive feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER-when changing something about
a system sets up a situation where that change is amplified further and further
until some ultimate end point is reached ex. bacteria in a Petri dish (multiplies,
overpopulates, runs out of food, population crash)
density - CORRECT ANSWER-mass per unit of volume (more molecules per unit
of volume=greater density)
dimensional analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-working backwards to figure out
how to set up your numbers to cancel the units you don't need an be left with
only units you do need
percent change - CORRECT ANSWER-change in amount/original amount x100
10 to the 6th - CORRECT ANSWER-million
10 to the 9th - CORRECT ANSWER-billion
10 to the 12th - CORRECT ANSWER-trillion
how old is earth? - CORRECT ANSWER-4 billion years old
how long is a human generation? - CORRECT ANSWER-about 30 years
how long is an earth generation approximately? - CORRECT ANSWER-over the
course of hundreds of thousands of years
lithosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-composed of the solid, outermost layer of the
Earth (includes crust and upper mantle)
troposphere - CORRECT ANSWER-the layer closest to the ground in the
atmosphere that has the air we breathe and where weather occurs, most dense
, layer due to more molecules per unit of volume (made up of mostly nitrogen)
BAD FOR OZONE CAUSES PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
troposphere and stratosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-99% of all atmospheric air,
make up lower atmosphere
stratosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-contains ozone layer that protects Earth
from too much UV radiation (above troposphere) GOOD FOR OZONE
mesosphere and thermosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-lie above stratosphere in
that order; sometimes called ionosphere
exosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere
and acts as the transition zone between Earth's atmosphere and outer space
(lowest amount of atmospheric pressure)
hydrosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-all the water on Earth (oceans cover about
70% of Earth and contain 97% of Earth's water supply)
how much water is available for human use? - CORRECT ANSWER-roughly 1%
- mostly stored in aquifers (used for drinking and irrigation)
biosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-encompasses all life on earth
biomass - CORRECT ANSWER-organic material made from living things (may
be burned as a source of energy)
plate techtonics - CORRECT ANSWER-the scientific theory that states that
Earth's crust is broken into several large plates that move slowly over a hot layer
of the earth called the asthenosphere
convergent boundary - CORRECT ANSWER-when two plates move toward one
another they eventually collide and one plate will move on the other (creates
underwater mountain ranges and volcanic activity)
negative feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER-a state of adjustment that helps
keep a system stable ex. heating and air conditioners
postitive feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER-when changing something about
a system sets up a situation where that change is amplified further and further
until some ultimate end point is reached ex. bacteria in a Petri dish (multiplies,
overpopulates, runs out of food, population crash)
density - CORRECT ANSWER-mass per unit of volume (more molecules per unit
of volume=greater density)
dimensional analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-working backwards to figure out
how to set up your numbers to cancel the units you don't need an be left with
only units you do need
percent change - CORRECT ANSWER-change in amount/original amount x100
10 to the 6th - CORRECT ANSWER-million
10 to the 9th - CORRECT ANSWER-billion
10 to the 12th - CORRECT ANSWER-trillion
how old is earth? - CORRECT ANSWER-4 billion years old
how long is a human generation? - CORRECT ANSWER-about 30 years
how long is an earth generation approximately? - CORRECT ANSWER-over the
course of hundreds of thousands of years
lithosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-composed of the solid, outermost layer of the
Earth (includes crust and upper mantle)
troposphere - CORRECT ANSWER-the layer closest to the ground in the
atmosphere that has the air we breathe and where weather occurs, most dense
, layer due to more molecules per unit of volume (made up of mostly nitrogen)
BAD FOR OZONE CAUSES PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
troposphere and stratosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-99% of all atmospheric air,
make up lower atmosphere
stratosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-contains ozone layer that protects Earth
from too much UV radiation (above troposphere) GOOD FOR OZONE
mesosphere and thermosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-lie above stratosphere in
that order; sometimes called ionosphere
exosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere
and acts as the transition zone between Earth's atmosphere and outer space
(lowest amount of atmospheric pressure)
hydrosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-all the water on Earth (oceans cover about
70% of Earth and contain 97% of Earth's water supply)
how much water is available for human use? - CORRECT ANSWER-roughly 1%
- mostly stored in aquifers (used for drinking and irrigation)
biosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-encompasses all life on earth
biomass - CORRECT ANSWER-organic material made from living things (may
be burned as a source of energy)
plate techtonics - CORRECT ANSWER-the scientific theory that states that
Earth's crust is broken into several large plates that move slowly over a hot layer
of the earth called the asthenosphere
convergent boundary - CORRECT ANSWER-when two plates move toward one
another they eventually collide and one plate will move on the other (creates
underwater mountain ranges and volcanic activity)
