NR507- Midterm Advanced Patho-
cardiac, pulmonary, hematology, renal
Acid/ base disturbance- COPD - correct answer-chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder.
Causes air trapping. Increasing CO2 retention and respiratory acidosis.
acute bronchitis - correct answer-infection and inflammation of bronchial tubes (bronchi)
AFTERLOAD (arteries) - correct answer-resistance to left ventricular ejection (systole)
Increased: COPD, hypertension, valve dx (all r/t pulm htn)
Decreased: hypotension, vasodilation (shock)
Albuterol - correct answer-Beta 2 Agonist, Short-Acting
Aldosterone - correct answer-Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium ions and
water
anatomy and physiology of kidney - correct answer-consists of 3 distinct areas:
*Located in posterior region of the abd cavity behind peritoneum.
cortex (outer)
medulla (middle)
renal pelvis (inner)
Anemia - correct answer-A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
anemia due to gastrectomy - correct answer-Iron def anemia is major cause after this
Removal of stomach often leads to marked decrease in production of gastric acid. This acid
is necessary to convert dietary iron to a form that is more readily absorbed by the duodenum
Anticholinergic drugs for asthma - correct answer-Atrovent & Spiriva both prevent the muscle
bands around the airways from tightening thus reduce in exacerbation
Albuterol is short acting
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - correct answer-promotes retention of water by kidneys
aortic stenosis - correct answer-calcification/ narrowing of aortic valve cusps that restricts
forward flow from left ventricle to aorta (during systole)
crescendo- decrescendo systolic heart murmur
, Asthma - correct answer-A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe
breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
T2HIGH eosinophilic inflammation
Airway responsiveness
AV valves - correct answer-tricuspid- right side/ pulmonary
bicuspid- left side/ aortic side
Blood flow of heart - correct answer-Enters the right side inferior/superior vena cava-
emptying deoxygenated blood to right atrium- right ventricle, through tricuspid valve,
pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery to lungs (where it is oxygenated). Pulmonary vein
empties oxygen rich blood to left atrium/ left ventricle, through mitral valve, aortic valve,
aorta---->to the body.
blood hydrostatic pressure - correct answer-The pressure exerted by the water in the blood
against the inside wall of a capillary of the bowmans capsule. essential for blood pressure in
the glomerulus.
Bownman's capsule - correct answer-cup shaped structure surrounding the glomerulus
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) - correct answer-Age-associated prostate gland
enlargement that can cause urination difficulty.
non-cancerous
BPH treatment - correct answer--Alpha blockers [relax bladder neck muscles in the prostate
making urination easier]; alfuzosin (Uroxatral), doxazosin (Cardura), tamsulosin (Flomax),
and silodosin (Rapaflo),
-5-alpha reductase inhibitors [shrink your prostate by preventing hormonal changes that
cause prostate growth]; finasteride (Proscar), dutasteride (Avodart)
bronchioles function - correct answer-passage of air to alveoli- gas exchange
calcium binding - correct answer-Binding of calcium to subunit of troponin
Induces conformation change in troponin
Troponin-tropomyosin complex moved
Myosin binding sites of actin exposed
cardiac contractility (inotropic) - correct answer-Force generated at any given end diastolic
volume
Increased:
sympathetic stimulation (anxiety, increased thyroxine)
Decreased:
low ATP levels (inschemia, hypoxia, acidosis)
Cardiac Output (CO) - correct answer-volume of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute
CO= HRx SV
cardiac, pulmonary, hematology, renal
Acid/ base disturbance- COPD - correct answer-chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder.
Causes air trapping. Increasing CO2 retention and respiratory acidosis.
acute bronchitis - correct answer-infection and inflammation of bronchial tubes (bronchi)
AFTERLOAD (arteries) - correct answer-resistance to left ventricular ejection (systole)
Increased: COPD, hypertension, valve dx (all r/t pulm htn)
Decreased: hypotension, vasodilation (shock)
Albuterol - correct answer-Beta 2 Agonist, Short-Acting
Aldosterone - correct answer-Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium ions and
water
anatomy and physiology of kidney - correct answer-consists of 3 distinct areas:
*Located in posterior region of the abd cavity behind peritoneum.
cortex (outer)
medulla (middle)
renal pelvis (inner)
Anemia - correct answer-A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
anemia due to gastrectomy - correct answer-Iron def anemia is major cause after this
Removal of stomach often leads to marked decrease in production of gastric acid. This acid
is necessary to convert dietary iron to a form that is more readily absorbed by the duodenum
Anticholinergic drugs for asthma - correct answer-Atrovent & Spiriva both prevent the muscle
bands around the airways from tightening thus reduce in exacerbation
Albuterol is short acting
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - correct answer-promotes retention of water by kidneys
aortic stenosis - correct answer-calcification/ narrowing of aortic valve cusps that restricts
forward flow from left ventricle to aorta (during systole)
crescendo- decrescendo systolic heart murmur
, Asthma - correct answer-A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe
breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
T2HIGH eosinophilic inflammation
Airway responsiveness
AV valves - correct answer-tricuspid- right side/ pulmonary
bicuspid- left side/ aortic side
Blood flow of heart - correct answer-Enters the right side inferior/superior vena cava-
emptying deoxygenated blood to right atrium- right ventricle, through tricuspid valve,
pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery to lungs (where it is oxygenated). Pulmonary vein
empties oxygen rich blood to left atrium/ left ventricle, through mitral valve, aortic valve,
aorta---->to the body.
blood hydrostatic pressure - correct answer-The pressure exerted by the water in the blood
against the inside wall of a capillary of the bowmans capsule. essential for blood pressure in
the glomerulus.
Bownman's capsule - correct answer-cup shaped structure surrounding the glomerulus
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) - correct answer-Age-associated prostate gland
enlargement that can cause urination difficulty.
non-cancerous
BPH treatment - correct answer--Alpha blockers [relax bladder neck muscles in the prostate
making urination easier]; alfuzosin (Uroxatral), doxazosin (Cardura), tamsulosin (Flomax),
and silodosin (Rapaflo),
-5-alpha reductase inhibitors [shrink your prostate by preventing hormonal changes that
cause prostate growth]; finasteride (Proscar), dutasteride (Avodart)
bronchioles function - correct answer-passage of air to alveoli- gas exchange
calcium binding - correct answer-Binding of calcium to subunit of troponin
Induces conformation change in troponin
Troponin-tropomyosin complex moved
Myosin binding sites of actin exposed
cardiac contractility (inotropic) - correct answer-Force generated at any given end diastolic
volume
Increased:
sympathetic stimulation (anxiety, increased thyroxine)
Decreased:
low ATP levels (inschemia, hypoxia, acidosis)
Cardiac Output (CO) - correct answer-volume of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute
CO= HRx SV
