Opposition, control and consent, 1918-89
Weimar
Impact of the Treaty of Versailles
-Many Germans felt Weimar government were traitors
-Believed the war could have been won if they had not been betrayed
-Dawes Plan and Young Plan did not have much effect on resentment
Political extremism and crises, 1918-33
Reasons government was opposed:
-Involvement in Treaty of Versailles
-Liberalism and democratic principles
-Failure to produce a strong decisive government
-Failure to unite Germany
Spartacist Uprising, January 1919
-Spartacist (USPD) members took over key buildings
-100,000 communists
-Freikorps crushed the rebellion and executed Luxenburg and Liebknecht
-Chancellor Ebert moved government to Weimar
The Kapp Putsch, March 1920
-Wolfgang Kapp and Freikorps leaders Luttwitz and Ehrhardt
- Took over Berlin and government fled
-Leaders proclaimed themselves the new government and dissolved the National Assembly
-Looked like a new government, but trade unions called a strike
-Four days after strike, Kapp government fell
-Weimar government returned to Berlin thanks to the strike
The Munich Putsch, November 1923
-Inspired by the March on Rome, 1922
-SA surrounded a large beer hall in Munich, van Kahr and important officials were in a
meeting.
-Hitler crashed in and announced the National government and Bavaria government were
deposed.
-Hitler and Ludendorff locked them in
-Escaped one by one
-When Nazis attempted their march on Berlin next morning were arrested
-5 years in prison with possibility of early release, wrote Mein Kampf
Attempts to control extremism, 1918- 32
-Without support, the government would not be strong enough to deal with opposition.
Ebert saw this and met with the army and trade unions, offering concessions for their
support.
Weimar
Impact of the Treaty of Versailles
-Many Germans felt Weimar government were traitors
-Believed the war could have been won if they had not been betrayed
-Dawes Plan and Young Plan did not have much effect on resentment
Political extremism and crises, 1918-33
Reasons government was opposed:
-Involvement in Treaty of Versailles
-Liberalism and democratic principles
-Failure to produce a strong decisive government
-Failure to unite Germany
Spartacist Uprising, January 1919
-Spartacist (USPD) members took over key buildings
-100,000 communists
-Freikorps crushed the rebellion and executed Luxenburg and Liebknecht
-Chancellor Ebert moved government to Weimar
The Kapp Putsch, March 1920
-Wolfgang Kapp and Freikorps leaders Luttwitz and Ehrhardt
- Took over Berlin and government fled
-Leaders proclaimed themselves the new government and dissolved the National Assembly
-Looked like a new government, but trade unions called a strike
-Four days after strike, Kapp government fell
-Weimar government returned to Berlin thanks to the strike
The Munich Putsch, November 1923
-Inspired by the March on Rome, 1922
-SA surrounded a large beer hall in Munich, van Kahr and important officials were in a
meeting.
-Hitler crashed in and announced the National government and Bavaria government were
deposed.
-Hitler and Ludendorff locked them in
-Escaped one by one
-When Nazis attempted their march on Berlin next morning were arrested
-5 years in prison with possibility of early release, wrote Mein Kampf
Attempts to control extremism, 1918- 32
-Without support, the government would not be strong enough to deal with opposition.
Ebert saw this and met with the army and trade unions, offering concessions for their
support.
