Chapter11.1.3.3 microbialNutrition
Vitamin Function
Metabolism cellgrowth
Requirements Biotin f ixation
1002
carboxylation
one
o.noNP's carbonmetabolism
kt.ca't.mgreit aid
folic onecarbonmetabolism
macronutrients
in quantities
needed large
micronutrients
in
needed smallavantities lipoicaid
ofAcylgroups
Transfer
eg vitamins smallmoleculesneeded to sustaingrowthconstitutewholepartial
cofactors
Pyridoxine AminoAcidmetabolism
AllmicroorganismsreauireEnergyelectronscarbon
Energy carbon
si n.m n iiii n
no
heteroorganicinorganic
compounds
microvultures
egPCBs paunioroniphenyls areproducedfromplasticproduction
intoenvironment
released
not by
easilydegraded bacteria
to
Howeverb acteriaexposed these thatallow
p ressureshavedeveloped genes them
tobreakdownthesePcbs havebecomedominantintheirpopulation
Chakrabarty hasalsochemicallymodifiedbacteriatobreak oil
down
of
uptake nutrients
in
mostmicroorganismslive nutrient
poorenvironments
toextractnutrientsagainstaconcentrationgradientabsorbnutrientsacrossaselectivelypermeablemembrane
have
Transport
Passive
No is
energy requiredsincemolecules aretransported is
energy neededsince ma aretransportedAGAINSTaconcentration gradient
OWN
a concentration gradient
ftp.ifpifpuihfnon
mhiifihipor
primaryactivetransport
areawe
non
small diffuse
p olarmolecules the
across membrane energy todrivemoleculesagainstthegradient gEthiano transporters
movement
ismostlyrandomuntil cavilibrium
isreached secondary
active
t ransport
usesthepotentialenergycreatedbyprimary
Facilitated
D iffusion a ctive
to
t ransport drivemolecules
against
gradient
carrier
by
proteins carryions increasing
m embrane
permeability uniport sumport Antiport
permeaves embedded
inmembraneundergoconformationalchanges one
only ofmolecule
type atypesofmolecules atypes
of molecules
Mips formchannelspores istransported
in
move same
direction moveoppositedirections
Group translocation
Transport
ofamoleculeacrossamembranethatoccursw chemicallymodifyingthe
molecule
never
a
forms pore
nitporin specific
very
channel
forwatermolecules 1 Phosphoenolpyruvate
a
loses phosphate 2Thisphosphateistransferredvia
Atp CaseiterTransporters
B inding
iiiiiniiii.iongiiiiiiii.fi4 geqssmemorane.pa.us
glucose
agroupof which
proteins
transmembrane make ofAtn
use
hydrolysis
toactas
importers
substrate
exporters PEP 1
glucose s
no phosphoenolpyruvate
jggygon.no acomplex to
moves membrane
y
ysBPtommex IBP to
carriers ubstrate transporter
3NBDhydrolyses toreleaseenergy
Atp
a substratecanentertransportertobe
ph
Transooner
v
ifpagg
Binding
nucleotide domain anyways
purviate
carriedacrossmembrane to p
a glucoseophosphate
, Iron
acquisition
ironis revivedforcutochromes metabolism homeostasis
istheironforminanaerobicconditionsThisironformissoluble
ironfeat
ferrous
ferricironfastisthe
ironforminAerobicconditionsThis ironisinsoluble
areproducedwhenironislimiting
siderophores
siderophores
haveahigh affinityforformingironcomplexeswrest
Thusthiscomplexbinds
tothecelleither ironisreleaseddirectly siderophoreironcomplexistaken
upbyAbctransponers
Festisreduced
toFort
cellg rowth αironavailability
Vitamin Function
Metabolism cellgrowth
Requirements Biotin f ixation
1002
carboxylation
one
o.noNP's carbonmetabolism
kt.ca't.mgreit aid
folic onecarbonmetabolism
macronutrients
in quantities
needed large
micronutrients
in
needed smallavantities lipoicaid
ofAcylgroups
Transfer
eg vitamins smallmoleculesneeded to sustaingrowthconstitutewholepartial
cofactors
Pyridoxine AminoAcidmetabolism
AllmicroorganismsreauireEnergyelectronscarbon
Energy carbon
si n.m n iiii n
no
heteroorganicinorganic
compounds
microvultures
egPCBs paunioroniphenyls areproducedfromplasticproduction
intoenvironment
released
not by
easilydegraded bacteria
to
Howeverb acteriaexposed these thatallow
p ressureshavedeveloped genes them
tobreakdownthesePcbs havebecomedominantintheirpopulation
Chakrabarty hasalsochemicallymodifiedbacteriatobreak oil
down
of
uptake nutrients
in
mostmicroorganismslive nutrient
poorenvironments
toextractnutrientsagainstaconcentrationgradientabsorbnutrientsacrossaselectivelypermeablemembrane
have
Transport
Passive
No is
energy requiredsincemolecules aretransported is
energy neededsince ma aretransportedAGAINSTaconcentration gradient
OWN
a concentration gradient
ftp.ifpifpuihfnon
mhiifihipor
primaryactivetransport
areawe
non
small diffuse
p olarmolecules the
across membrane energy todrivemoleculesagainstthegradient gEthiano transporters
movement
ismostlyrandomuntil cavilibrium
isreached secondary
active
t ransport
usesthepotentialenergycreatedbyprimary
Facilitated
D iffusion a ctive
to
t ransport drivemolecules
against
gradient
carrier
by
proteins carryions increasing
m embrane
permeability uniport sumport Antiport
permeaves embedded
inmembraneundergoconformationalchanges one
only ofmolecule
type atypesofmolecules atypes
of molecules
Mips formchannelspores istransported
in
move same
direction moveoppositedirections
Group translocation
Transport
ofamoleculeacrossamembranethatoccursw chemicallymodifyingthe
molecule
never
a
forms pore
nitporin specific
very
channel
forwatermolecules 1 Phosphoenolpyruvate
a
loses phosphate 2Thisphosphateistransferredvia
Atp CaseiterTransporters
B inding
iiiiiniiii.iongiiiiiiii.fi4 geqssmemorane.pa.us
glucose
agroupof which
proteins
transmembrane make ofAtn
use
hydrolysis
toactas
importers
substrate
exporters PEP 1
glucose s
no phosphoenolpyruvate
jggygon.no acomplex to
moves membrane
y
ysBPtommex IBP to
carriers ubstrate transporter
3NBDhydrolyses toreleaseenergy
Atp
a substratecanentertransportertobe
ph
Transooner
v
ifpagg
Binding
nucleotide domain anyways
purviate
carriedacrossmembrane to p
a glucoseophosphate
, Iron
acquisition
ironis revivedforcutochromes metabolism homeostasis
istheironforminanaerobicconditionsThisironformissoluble
ironfeat
ferrous
ferricironfastisthe
ironforminAerobicconditionsThis ironisinsoluble
areproducedwhenironislimiting
siderophores
siderophores
haveahigh affinityforformingironcomplexeswrest
Thusthiscomplexbinds
tothecelleither ironisreleaseddirectly siderophoreironcomplexistaken
upbyAbctransponers
Festisreduced
toFort
cellg rowth αironavailability
