Community Nursing Exam 2024

Public Health 3 components - assessment (needs) assurance (resources) policy (intervention) PH is prevention and promotion of population health at the - federal and state level A public service announcement is an example of - nursing intervention Community health focuses on which type of issues - sociocultural issues example: food bank at local church (serves health and social needs at the community level and is privately funded) Four important aspects of community - people place interactions commonalities Population vs. Aggregate - Population- group of people with common personal or environmental characteristics ALL elders in a community Aggregate- subgroup of people within a population PREGNANT teenagers within a school district Goals of Healthy People 2020 - Focus on achieving health among community 20% smoking 50% premature death What are leading health indicators that help keep track of progress towards meeting Healthy People 2020 goals - life expectancy, infant mortality, ageadjusted death rates, and cancer incidence rates Determinants of health - biology behavior social environment physical environment (what is experienced by the senses) policies and interventions Health Promotion - activities directed towards improving the well0being and reaching the best health potential. Health education, groups, community outreaches Health Protection - intent First visiting nurse - Francis Root The Henry Street Settlement was a model comprehensive health care center that provided many services, including - home visits to mothers and children, support services for immigrants, the first school health and industrial health programs, and many other services Stage 1 NPD - exposure host and environment influence vulnerability Stage 2 NPD - exposure invasion of causative agent Stage 3 NPD - pre-clinical stage pathological changes asymptomatic Stage 4 NPD - Culmination Disease and condition established Who was involved in the Henry Street Settlement - Lilian Wald and Mary Brewster Upstream thinking - actions focus on modifying economic, political, and environmental factors which are precursors to poor health Political and economic interventions are the most effective way to address - public determinants of health Nursing Theory improves community nursing by - guiding data collection help interpret data easier to diagnose problems Upstream thinking is - A conceptual model to assist the nurse in community health planning. Helps to focus the time, energy, and programmatic resources available to community health nursing clients. Focuses the nurse on long-term, "bigger picture" issues related to community health practice, such as social justice or power. Orem's self-care deficit theory is based on - individual self-care needs and explains the level of nursing interventions required to assist clients to obtain optimal health The health belief model (HBM) evolved from the premise that - the world of the perceiver determines action Milio's framework for prevention (1976) provides a complement to the HBM - and a mechanism for directing attention upstream and examining opportunities for nursing intervention at the population level Critical social theory uses - societal awareness to expose social inequalities that keep people from reaching their full potential Theory helps nursing by - guide data collection and interpretation in a clear and organized manner improve community health nursing practice focus the student on factors that are critical to understanding the A proactive approach to care Development of population-focused programs Risk - probability a specific event will occur in a given time frame Risk factor - exposure that is associated with disease Risk reduction - behaviors that mitigate or decrease actual potentional of the threats to health Absolute Risk - person's chance they will develop a disease over a period of time Relative Risk - the ration of the risk of the disease in the expose person to the risk of the disease in the non exposed Relative risk is - over time, prospective Odds Ratio - the odds of having the disease when suspected factor is present as oppose to not present looking at those with disease and without disease similar to risk restrospective- looking back Odds ration is very similar to risk raito if - the disease is rare Hill's Criteria for Causality -