Cell : The unit of life
No nuclear membrane and
Prokaryotic no membrane bound cell
organelles
Basic Unit of Life CELL Two Types
Eukaryotic With nuclear membrane
and membrane bound cell
organelles
Cell wall Cell Cytoplarm Nucleus Vacuoles
(plant cell) Membrane (Plant Cell)
Outermost Made of Fluid present Consists of Store house
covering of phospholipid between nucleoplasm of water,
plant cell, made bilayer and Nucleus and and nuclear nutrients
up of cellulose proteins Cell membrane membrane mineral salts,
waste
Contains cell organelles
Endo membrane Mitochondria Plastids Ribosomes Cytoskeleten Cillia and Centrosome
System Flegella Centriole
ER, golgi double Found in Granular Proteinaceous Cilia are Form basal
apparatus, membranens plant cell & structures, structures smaller body of cilia
lysosomes structure, euglenoids made of made of hair like and flagella,
and produce contains DNA and microtubule, out and spindle
vacuoles energy in the pigments & protein, microfilaments growths fibres during
have co- form of ATP. classified as acts as & intermediate and cell division
ordinated divided by chloroplasts protein filaments rate- flegella animal cell
function so fission has & factories mechanical are larger
form its own DNA leucoplasts support, both help
endo and has DNA & motility in
membrane ribosomes ribo somes maintain locomotion
system shapes of cell
Network of tiny tubular structures scattered in cytoplasm, which divide intracellular
ER – space into two compartments. They are two types– SER and RER
Golgibodies – Flat disc shaped sacs or cinternae, stacked parallel to each other, near nucles.
Lysosomes – Membrane bound vescicles formed by packaging in Golgi apparatus
76 Biology Class - 11
, Points to Remember
Cell Theory : Cell Theory was formulated by Schleiden and Schwann, and
was modified by Rudolf Virchow. Cell theory States.
(A) All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells.
(B) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Cell : Cell is the structural and functional unit of life.
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cells
Generally small sized (1–10 µm) Generally large sized (5–10 µm)
Well defined nucleus absent Well defined nucleus present
Membrane bounded cell organelles Membrane bounded cell organelles
absent present
DNA without histone protein DNA with histone protein
e.g., Bacteria, Mycoplasma, Blue e.g., Amoeba, Euglena and other
green Algae higher organism
Gram Positive Bacteria Gram Negative Bacteria
Bacteria that take up gram Bacteria do not take up gram stain
Stain. e.g., Bacillus e.g., Escherichia coli
PROKARYOTIC CELL :
Modification of cell envelope
Cell envelope consists of tightly bound 3 layered structure – Outermost
Glycocalyx followed by cell well and plasma membrane
Glycocalyx in form of loose sheath, is called slime same layer
Glycocalyx in form of thick and tough sheath, is called capsule
Cell : The Unit of Life 77
No nuclear membrane and
Prokaryotic no membrane bound cell
organelles
Basic Unit of Life CELL Two Types
Eukaryotic With nuclear membrane
and membrane bound cell
organelles
Cell wall Cell Cytoplarm Nucleus Vacuoles
(plant cell) Membrane (Plant Cell)
Outermost Made of Fluid present Consists of Store house
covering of phospholipid between nucleoplasm of water,
plant cell, made bilayer and Nucleus and and nuclear nutrients
up of cellulose proteins Cell membrane membrane mineral salts,
waste
Contains cell organelles
Endo membrane Mitochondria Plastids Ribosomes Cytoskeleten Cillia and Centrosome
System Flegella Centriole
ER, golgi double Found in Granular Proteinaceous Cilia are Form basal
apparatus, membranens plant cell & structures, structures smaller body of cilia
lysosomes structure, euglenoids made of made of hair like and flagella,
and produce contains DNA and microtubule, out and spindle
vacuoles energy in the pigments & protein, microfilaments growths fibres during
have co- form of ATP. classified as acts as & intermediate and cell division
ordinated divided by chloroplasts protein filaments rate- flegella animal cell
function so fission has & factories mechanical are larger
form its own DNA leucoplasts support, both help
endo and has DNA & motility in
membrane ribosomes ribo somes maintain locomotion
system shapes of cell
Network of tiny tubular structures scattered in cytoplasm, which divide intracellular
ER – space into two compartments. They are two types– SER and RER
Golgibodies – Flat disc shaped sacs or cinternae, stacked parallel to each other, near nucles.
Lysosomes – Membrane bound vescicles formed by packaging in Golgi apparatus
76 Biology Class - 11
, Points to Remember
Cell Theory : Cell Theory was formulated by Schleiden and Schwann, and
was modified by Rudolf Virchow. Cell theory States.
(A) All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells.
(B) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Cell : Cell is the structural and functional unit of life.
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cells
Generally small sized (1–10 µm) Generally large sized (5–10 µm)
Well defined nucleus absent Well defined nucleus present
Membrane bounded cell organelles Membrane bounded cell organelles
absent present
DNA without histone protein DNA with histone protein
e.g., Bacteria, Mycoplasma, Blue e.g., Amoeba, Euglena and other
green Algae higher organism
Gram Positive Bacteria Gram Negative Bacteria
Bacteria that take up gram Bacteria do not take up gram stain
Stain. e.g., Bacillus e.g., Escherichia coli
PROKARYOTIC CELL :
Modification of cell envelope
Cell envelope consists of tightly bound 3 layered structure – Outermost
Glycocalyx followed by cell well and plasma membrane
Glycocalyx in form of loose sheath, is called slime same layer
Glycocalyx in form of thick and tough sheath, is called capsule
Cell : The Unit of Life 77
