, PERIODICITY
of physical or chemical properties across a
period
periodicity
trends
repeating
-
THE PERIODIC TABLE :
Group 1- a l ka l i metals
Group 7-halogens
2- metals
Group alkaline earth
Group 0-noble
gases
D-block -
transition metals
A T O MIC RADIUS
&
decreases across a period
·
number of protons increases
attracting outer electrons in the same shell more
(attraction increases)
·
repeats across all periods
FIRST I O N I S AT I O N >
-
N E R G Y
A
1 of 1
*
energy required to remove mole electrons from
atoms the
mole of in
gaseous state
+
X - X -
e
(g) (g)
*
SAME SHIELDING
S
Li Be B [ N 8 F
&
across a period increases in
general
&
Nuclear charge increases across a period
attraction to the outer electron
There is
greater electrostatic
&
&
More energy required to remove it
·
EXCEPTION :
- removed from a p sub-shell which is of higher energy : less energy is required
B to Be
↑ EXCEPTION :
pair of electrons in a p-orbital which repel : less energy required
N o
+ 0
ELEMENTS IN PER 10 D 3
ELEMENT FORMULA STRUCTURE BONDING
Sodium Na Giant lattice
metallic metallic
Magnesium M9 Giant metallic lattice metallic
Aluminium metallic lattice
Al Giant metallic
Silicon Si Macromolecular covalent
of physical or chemical properties across a
period
periodicity
trends
repeating
-
THE PERIODIC TABLE :
Group 1- a l ka l i metals
Group 7-halogens
2- metals
Group alkaline earth
Group 0-noble
gases
D-block -
transition metals
A T O MIC RADIUS
&
decreases across a period
·
number of protons increases
attracting outer electrons in the same shell more
(attraction increases)
·
repeats across all periods
FIRST I O N I S AT I O N >
-
N E R G Y
A
1 of 1
*
energy required to remove mole electrons from
atoms the
mole of in
gaseous state
+
X - X -
e
(g) (g)
*
SAME SHIELDING
S
Li Be B [ N 8 F
&
across a period increases in
general
&
Nuclear charge increases across a period
attraction to the outer electron
There is
greater electrostatic
&
&
More energy required to remove it
·
EXCEPTION :
- removed from a p sub-shell which is of higher energy : less energy is required
B to Be
↑ EXCEPTION :
pair of electrons in a p-orbital which repel : less energy required
N o
+ 0
ELEMENTS IN PER 10 D 3
ELEMENT FORMULA STRUCTURE BONDING
Sodium Na Giant lattice
metallic metallic
Magnesium M9 Giant metallic lattice metallic
Aluminium metallic lattice
Al Giant metallic
Silicon Si Macromolecular covalent