, Schizophrenia
Classification of schizophrenia Positive symptoms -
DSM-5 additional experiences
*One of the positive symptoms beyond those of ordinary
*Does not recognise subtypes of schizophrenia existence
ICD-10 Negative symptoms -
*Two or more negative symptoms involve the loss of usual
*Recognises subtypes of schizophrenia abilities and experiences.
The 5 subtypes of schizophrenia
1. Disorganised Culture bias- Auditory hallucinations are normal in
2. Catatonic African American communities
3. Paranoid Gender bias/ beta bias- It minimises the differences
4. Undifferentiated between men and women, lacks validity.
5. Residual CoMorbidity- Symptoms overlap, can often lead to
misdiagnosis
Symptoms of schizophrenia
1. Auditory or visual or Somatic hallucinations
2. Delusions (paranoia & irrational beliefs)
3. Speech disorganisation
4. Speech poverty
5. Avolition
The genetic basis of schizophrenia
Research shows that schizophrenia runs in family as families share the same
environment and genes, the more closely related you are, the more likely you are to
develop schizophrenia
Gottesman (1991) found that MZ twins have a concordance rate of 48% and DZ
twins have a 17% concordance rate
Candidate genes
Schizophrenia is polygenic, Stephen Ripke et al, 37,000 patients was compared to
113,000 controls; 108 separate genetic variations were associated with increased
risk of schizophrenia
Environmental factors- If genes were a sole cause of schizophrenia
then concordance rates should’ve been 100%, but they only
account for 50%
Adoption Studies- Tienaari et al found that adopted kids that are
related to people with schizophrenia still have a 10% chance of
developing schizophrenia
Classification of schizophrenia Positive symptoms -
DSM-5 additional experiences
*One of the positive symptoms beyond those of ordinary
*Does not recognise subtypes of schizophrenia existence
ICD-10 Negative symptoms -
*Two or more negative symptoms involve the loss of usual
*Recognises subtypes of schizophrenia abilities and experiences.
The 5 subtypes of schizophrenia
1. Disorganised Culture bias- Auditory hallucinations are normal in
2. Catatonic African American communities
3. Paranoid Gender bias/ beta bias- It minimises the differences
4. Undifferentiated between men and women, lacks validity.
5. Residual CoMorbidity- Symptoms overlap, can often lead to
misdiagnosis
Symptoms of schizophrenia
1. Auditory or visual or Somatic hallucinations
2. Delusions (paranoia & irrational beliefs)
3. Speech disorganisation
4. Speech poverty
5. Avolition
The genetic basis of schizophrenia
Research shows that schizophrenia runs in family as families share the same
environment and genes, the more closely related you are, the more likely you are to
develop schizophrenia
Gottesman (1991) found that MZ twins have a concordance rate of 48% and DZ
twins have a 17% concordance rate
Candidate genes
Schizophrenia is polygenic, Stephen Ripke et al, 37,000 patients was compared to
113,000 controls; 108 separate genetic variations were associated with increased
risk of schizophrenia
Environmental factors- If genes were a sole cause of schizophrenia
then concordance rates should’ve been 100%, but they only
account for 50%
Adoption Studies- Tienaari et al found that adopted kids that are
related to people with schizophrenia still have a 10% chance of
developing schizophrenia
