Summary Notes on magnetic fields and EM induction

Included in these notes are the key definitions (e.g. back emf) as well as the equations and explanations for magnetic flux density. Both Fleming's left-hand rule and right-hand rules are explained. The motor effect and dynamo effect are compared as well as Maxwell's right hand rule. The properties that moving charged particles exhibit in magnetic fields are explored as well as some real-world applications of these such as cyclotrons and mass spectrometers. Magnetic flux linkage is also described in detail. Furthermore, Lenz's law is fully explained in the context of moving a magnet through a coil of wire. In addition, Faraday's law and its equation are stated as well as a detailed explanation of how an emf is induced in the coil of wire. Methods of how AC is generated are discussed including the use of transformers to step up and step down the voltage when transferring AC. Finally, there is a description of how a transformer can be made more efficient.