Measuring the Vitamin C content in oranges, mandarins and tangerines
Literature search
WebMD, 2020 Are There Health Benefits to Drinking Orange Juice? Accessed on 20/02/23,
The source talks about the health benefits of orange juice as well as risks. The source also
talks about what orange juice is a good source of and the nutritional information. There is
various data used in the source one of them is the nutritional information of one cup of
fresh orange juice. They have then used this information to determine orange juice with
pulp is a good source of fibre. Overall, they have mentioned high-pulp orange juice contains
more fibre. “You can even find orange juice that has been fortified with extra calcium, as
well as vitamin D, which does not naturally occur in orange juice”. This shows how the
source is saying how orange juice is much healthier and better than normal oranges. The
source has been reviewed which shows more accuracy and reliability as there are references
as well. This article is useful as the source mentions how oranges have a good source of
vitamin c but doesn’t mention how much so I want to find out how much vitamin c oranges
have. WebMD said, “orange juice with pulp is a good source of fibre”. The pulp of the
orange contains the most fibre, fibre has many advantages for example fibre can help
regulate the body’s sugar content which can lower the risk of heart disease and type 2
diabetes. Also, keeping the pulp on the orange means you will intake more vitamin c as the
pulp contains a lot of vitamin c and this can help boost the immune system or even protect
your body against cardiovascular disease. If you drink orange juice without the pulp, then
you would be losing your fibre intake and you could also lose some vitamin c. Mandarins do
not contain pulp which makes them more popular, but they contain seeds. Mandarins come
in seedless or non-seedless options. There are seedless options because farmers have
genetically modified mandarins to get rid of seeds. The seeds in mandarins contain vitamin
but not as much as the pulp in the orange.
Veritable Vegetable (2021). This website talked about the different in Tangerines,
Clementines, & Mandarins. They gave a brief overview of the shape and flavour of the fruits.
There was no data shown as this website just gives an overview of their opinion on the
different oranges. This could mean this is not valid as there is no data or statistics that
supports the statements. Overall, they said mandarins are sweeter and are generally smaller
than oranges. They then mentioned how tangerines are less sweet and brighter in colour.
The actual website delivers and produces organic local produce and creates awareness for
people. There is no data available or sources that support their opinions which makes it less
valid and accurate. This article is useful to my practical because even though there is no data
shown they mentioned how mandarins are sweeter than tangerines, so I want to see if the
sweeter the fruit the more vitamin c it contains.
, SFGate (2018). This source was trying to find out with juice has the most vitamin c in them.
They first talked about how drinking juice is one of the quickest ways to up your vitamin c
intake. They mentioned how citrus juice is one of the highest vitamin c juice contents and
they also gave some data to support their statement. They said you can get about 95
milligrams of vitamin c content from 8 ounces of fresh orange juice, they then mentioned
other juices like vegetable juice or different fruit juices. The data shown is valid as they have
given specific results, this shows how the source is valid. They concluded that there are
different juices available to up your vitamin c intake. The data is reliable because there are
references of where the data has come from, and the actual website is a newsletter site
where they are peer reviewed. This article is useful for my investigation because they
mentioned how orange juice has the most vitamin c content, so I want to find out if
tangerines or mandarins have more or less vitamin c.
Method analysis
To support my investigation, I have researched different methods and ways on how to carry
out my vitamin c practical.
SNAB biology (2019) carried out an investigation to find out the vitamin c content in
different fruit juices. They used a titration method to pipette the DCPIP into a conical flask.
The burette was filled with fruit juice and then titrated until the DCPIP lost its colour. The
results were recorded, and they said to record the results into a table or a bar chart, then
mean values can be calculated. Independent variable is the type of fruit juice, Dependent
variable is volume of juice required to decolourise 1cm³ of DCPIP. Control variable is
temperature, Concentration of DCPIP, Volume of DCPIP, Same end point colour. This
method is not repeated as even though the method is simply giving the basic procedure,
there are no actual quantities given apart from the 1cm3 of blue DCPIP, this could be
difficult to use as we don’t have any quantities to work from. There was also no data show
as this website just gives how to do the basic method, so this cannot be repeatable. The site
I retrieved this website from shows different core biology practical's which are valid.
However, the source has not been peer reviewed which shows it is not valid. From this
method I will be using the same DCPIP to find out a colour change and I will be doing a
titration to determine the vitamin c. I will be also using the results that I gain to record in a
table and mean values should be calculated to find any anomalies. Also, from this method I
will be using version 1 of the method, and this is to fill the burette with the juice and slowly
titrate this against the DCPIP in the conical flask. I will use this method to then find out how
much titre volume was needed to decolourise the DCPIP. I am using the method as this will
help me find out how much vitamin c it takes to decolourise. I will also be using step 1 of the
method which is pipette 1cm of DCPIP into a conical flask. I am using this because I will need
this for the actual titration and pipetting means a more accurate measurement because the
long tube makes it much more easier to read the meniscus line which will give me more
accurate measurements.
Literature search
WebMD, 2020 Are There Health Benefits to Drinking Orange Juice? Accessed on 20/02/23,
The source talks about the health benefits of orange juice as well as risks. The source also
talks about what orange juice is a good source of and the nutritional information. There is
various data used in the source one of them is the nutritional information of one cup of
fresh orange juice. They have then used this information to determine orange juice with
pulp is a good source of fibre. Overall, they have mentioned high-pulp orange juice contains
more fibre. “You can even find orange juice that has been fortified with extra calcium, as
well as vitamin D, which does not naturally occur in orange juice”. This shows how the
source is saying how orange juice is much healthier and better than normal oranges. The
source has been reviewed which shows more accuracy and reliability as there are references
as well. This article is useful as the source mentions how oranges have a good source of
vitamin c but doesn’t mention how much so I want to find out how much vitamin c oranges
have. WebMD said, “orange juice with pulp is a good source of fibre”. The pulp of the
orange contains the most fibre, fibre has many advantages for example fibre can help
regulate the body’s sugar content which can lower the risk of heart disease and type 2
diabetes. Also, keeping the pulp on the orange means you will intake more vitamin c as the
pulp contains a lot of vitamin c and this can help boost the immune system or even protect
your body against cardiovascular disease. If you drink orange juice without the pulp, then
you would be losing your fibre intake and you could also lose some vitamin c. Mandarins do
not contain pulp which makes them more popular, but they contain seeds. Mandarins come
in seedless or non-seedless options. There are seedless options because farmers have
genetically modified mandarins to get rid of seeds. The seeds in mandarins contain vitamin
but not as much as the pulp in the orange.
Veritable Vegetable (2021). This website talked about the different in Tangerines,
Clementines, & Mandarins. They gave a brief overview of the shape and flavour of the fruits.
There was no data shown as this website just gives an overview of their opinion on the
different oranges. This could mean this is not valid as there is no data or statistics that
supports the statements. Overall, they said mandarins are sweeter and are generally smaller
than oranges. They then mentioned how tangerines are less sweet and brighter in colour.
The actual website delivers and produces organic local produce and creates awareness for
people. There is no data available or sources that support their opinions which makes it less
valid and accurate. This article is useful to my practical because even though there is no data
shown they mentioned how mandarins are sweeter than tangerines, so I want to see if the
sweeter the fruit the more vitamin c it contains.
, SFGate (2018). This source was trying to find out with juice has the most vitamin c in them.
They first talked about how drinking juice is one of the quickest ways to up your vitamin c
intake. They mentioned how citrus juice is one of the highest vitamin c juice contents and
they also gave some data to support their statement. They said you can get about 95
milligrams of vitamin c content from 8 ounces of fresh orange juice, they then mentioned
other juices like vegetable juice or different fruit juices. The data shown is valid as they have
given specific results, this shows how the source is valid. They concluded that there are
different juices available to up your vitamin c intake. The data is reliable because there are
references of where the data has come from, and the actual website is a newsletter site
where they are peer reviewed. This article is useful for my investigation because they
mentioned how orange juice has the most vitamin c content, so I want to find out if
tangerines or mandarins have more or less vitamin c.
Method analysis
To support my investigation, I have researched different methods and ways on how to carry
out my vitamin c practical.
SNAB biology (2019) carried out an investigation to find out the vitamin c content in
different fruit juices. They used a titration method to pipette the DCPIP into a conical flask.
The burette was filled with fruit juice and then titrated until the DCPIP lost its colour. The
results were recorded, and they said to record the results into a table or a bar chart, then
mean values can be calculated. Independent variable is the type of fruit juice, Dependent
variable is volume of juice required to decolourise 1cm³ of DCPIP. Control variable is
temperature, Concentration of DCPIP, Volume of DCPIP, Same end point colour. This
method is not repeated as even though the method is simply giving the basic procedure,
there are no actual quantities given apart from the 1cm3 of blue DCPIP, this could be
difficult to use as we don’t have any quantities to work from. There was also no data show
as this website just gives how to do the basic method, so this cannot be repeatable. The site
I retrieved this website from shows different core biology practical's which are valid.
However, the source has not been peer reviewed which shows it is not valid. From this
method I will be using the same DCPIP to find out a colour change and I will be doing a
titration to determine the vitamin c. I will be also using the results that I gain to record in a
table and mean values should be calculated to find any anomalies. Also, from this method I
will be using version 1 of the method, and this is to fill the burette with the juice and slowly
titrate this against the DCPIP in the conical flask. I will use this method to then find out how
much titre volume was needed to decolourise the DCPIP. I am using the method as this will
help me find out how much vitamin c it takes to decolourise. I will also be using step 1 of the
method which is pipette 1cm of DCPIP into a conical flask. I am using this because I will need
this for the actual titration and pipetting means a more accurate measurement because the
long tube makes it much more easier to read the meniscus line which will give me more
accurate measurements.
