Dialysis Technician Exam Study Guide Questions With Complete Solutions.

Dialysis Technician Exam Study Guide Questions With Complete Solutions. What foods are high in phosphorus Dairy, Meats, Nuts, Peanuts, Dried Beans & Peas, Whole Grains, Chocolate, Colas What foods are high in potassium Avocados, Mangos, Bananas, Orange Juice, Dried Fruit, Cantaloupe, Dried Peas, Beans, Tomato Sauce, & Potatoes What are the two hemodialysis delivery systems? Extracorpeal (blood) & Dialysate During dialysis, ultrfiltration occurs when: Water is removed from blood because there is a pressure gradient across a membrane What are the hemodialysis treatment options? In-Center, Nocturnal, Short Daily What development in dialysis came first? Dr. Kolff's rotating drum What is the definition for dry-weight? Post-dialysis weight at which all or most excess fluid has been removed How are clinics paid by Medicare for dialysis? Composite Rate The primary cause of the anemia of ESRD is: Erythropoietin Deficiency What isn't a component of the Extracorpeal Circuit? Blood Leak Detector What waste product of muscle metabolism is removed by healthy kidneys? Creatinine What line is a negative pressure? Arterial What is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease for adults in the U.S.? Diabetes What are the symptoms of puritis? Itching Why must water used for dialysate be treated? Dialysis patients are exposed to large volumes of water during dialysis What is the U.V. light and what does it do? Invisible radiation that destroys microorganisms Which patients may benefit from an increased bicarbonate concentration? Poorly compliant with regards to fluid intake If an air embolism occurs, how should a patient be placed? Trendelenberg on the left side What symptom is "cherry pop" colored blood? Hemolysis When does first-use syndrome usually appear? 15-30 minutes of starting treatment What are the two main types of dialysis? Hemodialysis & Peritoneal Dialysis What is the functional unit of the kidney, or the structure in the kidney that does the work? Nephron Severe chest pain and dyspnea are symptoms of what? Air Embolism What are the symptoms of first use syndrome? Back pain 15 minutes into treatment What are symptoms of anemia? Weak, Syanotic, Dizzy What are three signs or symptoms of an access infection? Drainage, Fever, Swelling What is the pressure across the dialyzer membrane? TMP -Transmembrane Pressure What are the symptoms of an air embolism? Shortness of breath, Coughing, Confusion What is a long-term complications of a fistulae? Thrombosis What are the symptoms of a pyrogen reaction? Fever, Chills What are the symptoms of disequilibrium syndrome? Headache What would a rapid pulse of 104 beats per minute indicate? Tachycardia What does infiltration mean? A needle tip that punctures a vessel and goes out the other side, so blood escapes into the tissues According to AAMI standards, when should bacteriologic testing for water and dialysate take place? Monthly What is the first step in the port/catheter pre-dialysis assessment? Assessing the ease of heparin removal and saline flushing before connecting bloodlines What would be a cause of hypotension during and after dialysis? Removing too much fluid How frequently should the carbon tanks be checked for chlorine and chloramines? Each shift What complication can happen to grafts if the needle sites are not rotated? Pseudoaneurysm What can cause a dialyzer membrane leak? Any damage to the dialyzer What is included in the dialysate delivery system monitors? Conductivity, pH, Flow Rate What is the measurement of ions or particles that carry an electrical charge known as? Conductivity Who must check the dialyzer to verify quality control information? Two people, one of whom should be the charge nurse What symptom occurs due to dialysate that is too hot? Hemolysis What activity does the water softener perform? Removes calcium and magnesium from water What is a way to prevent infection in catheters? Wash hands and change gloves prior to touching the catheter Which organization sets the standards and recommendations for dialyzer reprocessing? AAMI What substance may be added to municipal drinking water supplied to make the water cleaner? Bleach What is dialysate a mixture of? Acid, Bicarbonate, Water Why should you rotate needle sites on a fistula? To prevent aneurysms What is the most likely source of staphylococcus aureus? Nasal drainage or Discharge What could large amounts of aluminum in water used for dialysate cause? Bone Disease What are sign and symptoms of Steal Syndrome? Pale, Bluish nail beds of the access hand. Cold feeling in access limb. Pain in access limb (hand or fingers) What are symptoms of hemolysis? Bright red colored blood What are some complications of "flipping" the needle in AVF cannulation? Infiltration, Stretching the needle hole, Tearing the lining of the vessel What is the condition that can develop from using the subclavian vein for catheter placement? Central Venous Stenosis When assessing a fistula or graft, what needs to be felt prior to starting dialysis? Pulse and Thrill Contamination of water by bacteria endotoxins may cause what reaction? Pyrogenic When drawing a blood specimen from a double lumen catheter, what should the clinician always do? Discard the first 4-5 ml of blood before obtaining the sample What medication is used to prevent blood from clotting in the extracorporeal circuit? Heparin What is oxygen carrying red pigment of red blood cells? Hemoglobin What is a severe loss of blood? Exsanguination What is low blood sugar? Hypoglycemia What can misuse of mishandling result in? Illness, Injury, Death What is a symptom of Hypotension? Yawning How far should needle insertion be done from the anastomosis in a fistula or graft? One inch What is high phosphorous? Hyperphosphatemia To determine the amount of urea removed from a patient during a specific dialysis treatment, what tests are needed? Pre-BUN, Post-BUN, URR What is a symptom of Disequilibrium Syndrome? Headache, Restlessness What can the development of bacteria in bicarbonate concentrate lead to? Pyrogen Reactions and Innfections What is the normal range of resting respirations in an adult? 12-20 breaths per minute What happens when molecules of dissolved solute are dragged along? Convection What is high potassium? Hyperkalemia What is the breakdown of red blood cells with a concurrent loss or liberation of hemoglobin and large amounts of potassium? Hemolysis When assessing a fistula or graft, what needs to be listened for prior to starting? Bruit What is Hypoglycemia? High Blood Sugar How long can Hepatitis B Virus survive on surfaces? One Week What should be done to prevent needle sticks? Throwing used needles into puncture-resistant, color coded containers If the dialysate conductivity moves outside the pre-set limits, what will occur within the dialysate delivery system? Dialysate will bypass to drain. Audio and visual alarms How often should the RO operating parameters be checked? Daily What is low calcium? Hyocalcemia What is the most common way that water treatment systems are disinfected? Chemical What is the most important activity that you can perform to prevent the spread of infectious diseases? Hand Washing What is Hyponatremia? Low Sodium What method kills bacteria, but will not destroy all of them completely? Dissinfection Why are dialyzers mainly reprocessed? Reprocessing reduces the cost of dialysis treatments What is the empty bed contact time of chlorine tanks? 5 minute/tank What is low phosphorous? Hypophospatemia What is molecular weight? How big the holes are Blending valve keeps water at what temperature? 77 Degrees What is Hypercalcemia? High Calcium What prevents water from going back out? Backflow Prevention Valve What is dialysate buffered to? Helps regulate the patients pH What is a step of the CQI process? Implement the PDCA Style What is high sodium? Hypernatremia What is the most common cause of pruritus in patients? Hyperphosphatemia or Uremia What is a transducer protector? A device inside the machine that converts air pressure into an electronic signal T or F: Double acid hook-ups for a dialysis treatment is potentially lethal. True T or F: Steal Syndrome may occur with AV fistulas or AV Grafts. True What is low potassium? Hypokalemia Which ion doesn't dialyze easy? Protein, Phosphorous Higher bicarbonate concentration in dialysate are needed when plasma bicarbonate levels drop below: 22 mEq/L Where is the heparin pump infusion line located? On the arterial tubing before the dialyzer Muscle cramps are primarily caused by the shifting of what ion during treatment? Sodium What is the Health Insurance Portability & Accountability? A law that created national rules about the security and privacy of health data