IBCLC Exam with 100% correct answers
% of breastmilk that is carbohydrates - correct answer Approximately 7%
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk.
% of breastmilk that is fat - correct answer Approximately 4%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 50.
% of breastmilk that is protein - correct answer Approximately .8 - 1 %
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice (2nd ed.), page 272.
% of calories in breastmilk from carbohydrates - correct answer Approximately 40%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 69.
% of calories in breastmilk from fat - correct answer Approximately 50%
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 124.
% of calories in breastmilk from protein - correct answer Approximately 10%
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice (2nd ed.), page 272.
Acinus - correct answer Any of the small sacs or alveoli that terminate the ducts and are lined with
secretory cells.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. Available online:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/acinus?show=0&t=1296699192
Acrocyanosis - correct answer Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet in the newborn; peripheral
cyanosis. Should not persist beyond 24 hours after birth.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
,Active immunity - correct answer Immunity conferred by the production of antibodies by one's own
immune system.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 868.
Active transport - correct answer Passage of drug into breastmilk assisted by components in breastmilk.
Hale & Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 470.
Acyclovir/Zovirax - correct answer Antiviral used to treat herpes infections, L2.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Aerobic bacteria - correct answer Bacteria requiring air for metabolic processes. The breast is colonized
with this type of bacteria.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
AGA - correct answer Appropriate for Gestational Age. Having a birth weight between the 10th and
90th percentile on intrauterine growth charts.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 671.
Alcohol and breastfeeding - correct answer Alcohol can decrease milk supply. Breastfeeding must be
interrupted for 1 hour per drink, or until mother is sober.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 171 & 188.
Aldomet/Methyldopa - correct answer Antihypertensive, L2. Frequently used to treat hypertension
during pregnancy. No concerns reported via breastmilk.
Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 667.
Allergen - correct answer A substance that causes an allergic response, such as foods, drugs, inhalants.
Cow's milk is common source for infants.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
,Αlphalactalbumin - correct answer A major protein found in human milk whey. Assists in processing
lactose.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Alveolar ridge - correct answer The ridges on the upper and lower jaw where infant's teeth will grow.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Alveolus, alveoli - correct answer Secrete and store milk for let down. Surrounded by myoepithelial
cells, contractile cells and connective tissue.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 80.
Amenorrhea - correct answer A natural phase of infertility that takes place when a mother is
exclusively breastfeeding. Menstruation has not returned.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 707 &865.
Amoxicillin - correct answer Antibiotic, L2. Observe for change in intestinal flora, compatible.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Ampicillin - correct answer Antibiotic, L1. Observe for change in intestinal flora, compatible.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Anaphylaxis - correct answer Hypersensitivity (as to foreign proteins or drugs) resulting from
sensitization following prior contact with the causative agent.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. www.merriam-webster.com/medical/anaphylaxis.
Anchor scar - correct answer Surgical technique for breast reduction, slang.
Ankyglossia - correct answer A tongue tie. Characterized by a thick, short, or tight frenulum under the
tongue. Can cause breastfeeding issues, such as a painful latch or inefficient milk transfer.
, Anterior pituitary - correct answer This gland releases prolactin into the blood effecting milk production
and ejection. It is susceptible to stress.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 91.
Anthrax - correct answer Infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium (Bacillus anthrax),
characterized by external ulcerating nodules or by lesions in the lungs.
Merriam Webster Medical Dictionary. www.merriam-webster.com/medical/anthrax.
Antibody - correct answer Immunoglobulin formed in response to an antigen, including bacteria and
viruses. Antibodies attack those bacteria or viruses helping the body resist infection.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Antigen - correct answer Substance that stimulates antibody production. May be dust, food, or
bacteria.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Apgar score - correct answer Index to evaluate the condition of a newborn infant based on a rating of
0, 1, or 2 for color, heart rate, reflex response, muscle tone, and respiration with 10 being a perfect
score.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. www.merriam-webster.com/medical/apgar%20score.
Apocrine gland - correct answer Sweat glands located on the areola that secrete a scent.
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice (2nd ed.), page 197-
198.
Apoptosis - correct answer Programmed normal cell death.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Applied research - correct answer Research that focuses on solving or finding an answer to a clinical or
practical problem.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
% of breastmilk that is carbohydrates - correct answer Approximately 7%
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk.
% of breastmilk that is fat - correct answer Approximately 4%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 50.
% of breastmilk that is protein - correct answer Approximately .8 - 1 %
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice (2nd ed.), page 272.
% of calories in breastmilk from carbohydrates - correct answer Approximately 40%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 69.
% of calories in breastmilk from fat - correct answer Approximately 50%
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 124.
% of calories in breastmilk from protein - correct answer Approximately 10%
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice (2nd ed.), page 272.
Acinus - correct answer Any of the small sacs or alveoli that terminate the ducts and are lined with
secretory cells.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. Available online:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/acinus?show=0&t=1296699192
Acrocyanosis - correct answer Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet in the newborn; peripheral
cyanosis. Should not persist beyond 24 hours after birth.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
,Active immunity - correct answer Immunity conferred by the production of antibodies by one's own
immune system.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 868.
Active transport - correct answer Passage of drug into breastmilk assisted by components in breastmilk.
Hale & Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 470.
Acyclovir/Zovirax - correct answer Antiviral used to treat herpes infections, L2.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Aerobic bacteria - correct answer Bacteria requiring air for metabolic processes. The breast is colonized
with this type of bacteria.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
AGA - correct answer Appropriate for Gestational Age. Having a birth weight between the 10th and
90th percentile on intrauterine growth charts.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 671.
Alcohol and breastfeeding - correct answer Alcohol can decrease milk supply. Breastfeeding must be
interrupted for 1 hour per drink, or until mother is sober.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 171 & 188.
Aldomet/Methyldopa - correct answer Antihypertensive, L2. Frequently used to treat hypertension
during pregnancy. No concerns reported via breastmilk.
Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 667.
Allergen - correct answer A substance that causes an allergic response, such as foods, drugs, inhalants.
Cow's milk is common source for infants.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
,Αlphalactalbumin - correct answer A major protein found in human milk whey. Assists in processing
lactose.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Alveolar ridge - correct answer The ridges on the upper and lower jaw where infant's teeth will grow.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Alveolus, alveoli - correct answer Secrete and store milk for let down. Surrounded by myoepithelial
cells, contractile cells and connective tissue.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 80.
Amenorrhea - correct answer A natural phase of infertility that takes place when a mother is
exclusively breastfeeding. Menstruation has not returned.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 707 &865.
Amoxicillin - correct answer Antibiotic, L2. Observe for change in intestinal flora, compatible.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Ampicillin - correct answer Antibiotic, L1. Observe for change in intestinal flora, compatible.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Anaphylaxis - correct answer Hypersensitivity (as to foreign proteins or drugs) resulting from
sensitization following prior contact with the causative agent.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. www.merriam-webster.com/medical/anaphylaxis.
Anchor scar - correct answer Surgical technique for breast reduction, slang.
Ankyglossia - correct answer A tongue tie. Characterized by a thick, short, or tight frenulum under the
tongue. Can cause breastfeeding issues, such as a painful latch or inefficient milk transfer.
, Anterior pituitary - correct answer This gland releases prolactin into the blood effecting milk production
and ejection. It is susceptible to stress.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 91.
Anthrax - correct answer Infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium (Bacillus anthrax),
characterized by external ulcerating nodules or by lesions in the lungs.
Merriam Webster Medical Dictionary. www.merriam-webster.com/medical/anthrax.
Antibody - correct answer Immunoglobulin formed in response to an antigen, including bacteria and
viruses. Antibodies attack those bacteria or viruses helping the body resist infection.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Antigen - correct answer Substance that stimulates antibody production. May be dust, food, or
bacteria.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Apgar score - correct answer Index to evaluate the condition of a newborn infant based on a rating of
0, 1, or 2 for color, heart rate, reflex response, muscle tone, and respiration with 10 being a perfect
score.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. www.merriam-webster.com/medical/apgar%20score.
Apocrine gland - correct answer Sweat glands located on the areola that secrete a scent.
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice (2nd ed.), page 197-
198.
Apoptosis - correct answer Programmed normal cell death.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Applied research - correct answer Research that focuses on solving or finding an answer to a clinical or
practical problem.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
