Water Security
Fundamental human need
Improving access to water and sanitaton underpinned many of the UN’s Millennium
Development goals.
In 2015-15% of the world people did not have reliable access to safe drinking water
2.5% is available as fresh water for humans- but only 1% is available easily from accessibly
surface water.
In theory according to the UN- our basic needs can be met by 1000 cubic metres per year-
2010 60% of fresh water contained.
Rising demand combined with diminishing availability of supplies=issue
Quantty not -uality
Physical- Supply and demand mismatch- uneven across world- locaton-66% of the worlds
populaton live in areas receiving only25% of the world annual rainfall. Also countries
fightng/ conflict over shared basin usage.
The gap between rising demand and diminishing supplies- Demand- populaton growth-
Rising standards of living- water for agriculture/ meat diets/ domestc use/ consumer goods/
lifestyle change- Economic growth- agriculture/ industry/ energy/ fracking/ services/
services- irrigaton- farming very high pressure.
Irrigaton= the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of
channels.
CASE STUDY - ARAL SEA
Gap between rising demand and diminishing supplies
Dwindling supplies- The most serious is the availability from ground water a-uifers- biggest
threat irrigaton although pumping technology- minimal
Water availability gap
The underlying concept is that of water availability between the developing natons and the
developed natons.
Imbalance- rich countries use 10x more per head.
Many countries will experience water stress- with the onset of climate change and the
associated desertficaton of ecosystems by 20150 4 billion.
2025 half the worlds populaton will be water vulnerable meaning insufcient water and risk
to supply especially
Causes of insecurity
Weather/climate change/geology/seaward movement.
Human causes- populaton growth/urbanisaton/industrialisaton
Quality
Human pollute both surface and ground water supplies
Polluton of water in widespread
Surface water/rivers/lakes/lakes are a real cause for concern-
China 300 million use contaminated water
190 million sufer from water related illnesses
1/3 of rivers are polluted
Untreated sewage/ Chemical Fertlisers/ Industrial waste/Dams- How?
Fundamental human need
Improving access to water and sanitaton underpinned many of the UN’s Millennium
Development goals.
In 2015-15% of the world people did not have reliable access to safe drinking water
2.5% is available as fresh water for humans- but only 1% is available easily from accessibly
surface water.
In theory according to the UN- our basic needs can be met by 1000 cubic metres per year-
2010 60% of fresh water contained.
Rising demand combined with diminishing availability of supplies=issue
Quantty not -uality
Physical- Supply and demand mismatch- uneven across world- locaton-66% of the worlds
populaton live in areas receiving only25% of the world annual rainfall. Also countries
fightng/ conflict over shared basin usage.
The gap between rising demand and diminishing supplies- Demand- populaton growth-
Rising standards of living- water for agriculture/ meat diets/ domestc use/ consumer goods/
lifestyle change- Economic growth- agriculture/ industry/ energy/ fracking/ services/
services- irrigaton- farming very high pressure.
Irrigaton= the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of
channels.
CASE STUDY - ARAL SEA
Gap between rising demand and diminishing supplies
Dwindling supplies- The most serious is the availability from ground water a-uifers- biggest
threat irrigaton although pumping technology- minimal
Water availability gap
The underlying concept is that of water availability between the developing natons and the
developed natons.
Imbalance- rich countries use 10x more per head.
Many countries will experience water stress- with the onset of climate change and the
associated desertficaton of ecosystems by 20150 4 billion.
2025 half the worlds populaton will be water vulnerable meaning insufcient water and risk
to supply especially
Causes of insecurity
Weather/climate change/geology/seaward movement.
Human causes- populaton growth/urbanisaton/industrialisaton
Quality
Human pollute both surface and ground water supplies
Polluton of water in widespread
Surface water/rivers/lakes/lakes are a real cause for concern-
China 300 million use contaminated water
190 million sufer from water related illnesses
1/3 of rivers are polluted
Untreated sewage/ Chemical Fertlisers/ Industrial waste/Dams- How?
