A* Summary notes with diagrams for 5.2.2 respiration, A level Biology

Respiration

Aerobic Anaerobic

Glycolysis.

Link Reaction.
Glycolysis.
Stages
Krebs Cycle.
Fermentation.

Oxidative
Phosphorylation.

Oxidation of
Complete. Incomplete.
glucose

Total ATP produced Lots (36). Not much (2).

Cytoplasm and
Location Cytoplasm only.
mitochondria.

CO2 and ethanol /
Products Carbon dioxide and water.
Lactate.




Respiration 1

, Glycolysis


Phosphorylation
and splitting
of glucose

Happens in the
cell cytoplasm




Phosphorylation.
Glucose (6C) is phosphorylated by 2ATP to form Fructose
Bisphosphate (6C).

Lysis.
Fructose Bisphosphate (6C) splits into 2 molecules of
Triose Phosphate (3C).

Oxidation.
Hydrogen is removed from each molecule of Triose
Phosphate (3C), this hydrogen transferred to coenzyme
NAD to form 2 Reduced NAD (NADH).

Dephosphorylation.
Phosphates are transferred from TP (3C) to form 4ATP
through substrate-linked phosphorylation.

Pyruvate production.
2 Pyruvate (3C) molecules are produced form the 2
Triose Phosphate (3C) mollecues.




Respiration 2

, Link Reaction
Decarboxylation
and
dehydrogenation
of Pyruvate
(3C).

Happens in the
mitochondrial
matrix.




1) Pyruvate (3C) enters the mitochondrial matrix by active
transport, requiring a small amount of ATP.
2) Pyruvate (3C) is oxidised by enzymes to produce Acetate
releasing CO2, this process also reduces coenzyme NAD (NAD+) to
NADH.
3) Acetate (2C) combines with Coenzyme A to form Acetyl Coenzyme
A (Acetyl CoA).




Respiration 3