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Lecture notes

Lecture notes Foundations in Sociology

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These notes focus on sex and gender including the benefits and consequences of these two forms of stratification.

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11/10/22
Race & Ethnicity
Do we live in a diverse society?
*Diversity
The recognition and valuing of difference between people.
*Equality
Is about creating a fairer society in which everyone has the opportunity to
fulfil their potential.
Dimensions of Diversity:
Gender
Age/Generation
Orientation (sexual/political)
Ethnicity
Nationality
Language/dialect
Skin colour
Religion
Class (wealth/background/education)
Country/Region (rural or urban)
Culture (beliefs/behaviour/expectations)
Occupation
What is the difference of race and ethnicity?
*Race
A race is a socially constructed category of people who share biologically
transmitted traits that members of society consider important.
-> People classify another based on:
Hair texture, facial features, skin complexion, body shape
-> Genetic traits form around the world have become MIXED (fit into more
than one category)
-> Race has 3 categories:
Caucasoid - belonging to the lighter-complexioned supposed racial
group of humankind

, Negroid - belonging to a darker complexioned supposed racial group
of mankind
Mongoloid - belonging to a group of people formerly considered to
constitute a race of humans having Asian ancestry
-> The term race suggests it is fixed and unchanging, but what about
human evolution and generics
What is racism?
*Racism can be identified as prejudice, discrimination, or resentment by
an individual, community, or institution against a person or people on the
basis of their membership of a particular racial or ethnic group
-> Racism can be conscious through explicit thoughts, feelings and acts.
-> Racism can be unconscious through institutions (structural – built into
organisation).
Individual-level Racism:
Internalised Internal beliefs derived from Beauty and imperfections,
one's culture because of your race
Personal interactions with Hate crimes, bigotry, racial
Interpersonal others and their beliefs slurs, racial violence
effect these interactions
Structural-level Racism:
Occurs in systems of power Schooling systems
and has integrated unfair concentrating on unqualified
Institutional policies to produce racially teachers (often people of
inequitable outcomes for colour) results in student
minorities dropouts
Racial bias among Overwhelming numbers of
institutions of society. depictions of people of
Structural Policies that systemically colour as criminals in
disadvantage people of mainstream media
colour.
DIRECT RACISM = PERSONAL JUDGEMENT

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December 6, 2023
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2022/2023
Type
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David stockbridge
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