Unit 8 Assignment 2
Rules:
Rules are procedures within a particular area of activity.
Football
One of the most needed rules in football is that there must be a minimum of 3 referees. One
of them is the main official, he’s the one that controls the game, inspects the pitch before
the match, and uses cards when necessary. Without the main official a game of football
wouldn’t run, as there would be no one to make the game fair and safe for everyone. This is
because without someone controlling it, players would argue all the time, for example if the
ball has gone off the field of play or if it’s still in, there would be no match control. The
referee also has two assistants, the linesmen, they stay just behind the touchline. Both of
them control one side of the pitch just up to the halfway line, but opposite to each other.
They are there to assist the main referee, they do it by showing offsides, which is when a
player receives a pass or interrupts the play behind the second last defender, or by indicating
throw-ins to the teams, depending on which team made contact with the ball last. They can
also indicate if a foul was made when it was nearby them. There’s also a 4 th official that is
located near the benches of both teams and deals with the substitutions. In some games
you can even find that there are referees behind the goals that help the main referee make a
decision when it comes to the ball crossing over the goal-line and it might be unclear for the
main referee.
Another rule is to score a goal the whole ball must cross the goal-line, between the crossbar
and the two goal posts. If the whole ball doesn’t cross any of these points, then it will result
in being unsuccessful. When the ball finds the back of the net it counts as 1 goal. In the past
there were many cases in which the ball did meet the needs of being a successful goal but
wasn’t given by the official, because he didn’t see it clearly go past the line or meet any
other needs. Therefore, the football governing bodies tried to change it and it’s starting to
become very successful in top leagues/competitions. They done it by adding a goal line
technology system to the Premier League, this system works by giving the official some sort
of noise to indicate that a goal has been scored. In other competitions, such as the
Champions League, there were extra referees appointed to stand behind the goal and
indicate if a goal has been scored when the main official is unclear on the situation.
Volleyball
Firstly, there has to be up to 6 players on each team to begin play, there are two teams
which are separated by a net. The players will rotate one position every time their team wins
a serve. Once the server has made contact with the ball, players can move out of their
rotational positions to play the point, that means they can move freely. Players rotate
between 6 positions on the court, including 3 back-row positions behind the attack line and
3 front-row positions in front of the attack line. Players in a back-row position must not
1
Rules:
Rules are procedures within a particular area of activity.
Football
One of the most needed rules in football is that there must be a minimum of 3 referees. One
of them is the main official, he’s the one that controls the game, inspects the pitch before
the match, and uses cards when necessary. Without the main official a game of football
wouldn’t run, as there would be no one to make the game fair and safe for everyone. This is
because without someone controlling it, players would argue all the time, for example if the
ball has gone off the field of play or if it’s still in, there would be no match control. The
referee also has two assistants, the linesmen, they stay just behind the touchline. Both of
them control one side of the pitch just up to the halfway line, but opposite to each other.
They are there to assist the main referee, they do it by showing offsides, which is when a
player receives a pass or interrupts the play behind the second last defender, or by indicating
throw-ins to the teams, depending on which team made contact with the ball last. They can
also indicate if a foul was made when it was nearby them. There’s also a 4 th official that is
located near the benches of both teams and deals with the substitutions. In some games
you can even find that there are referees behind the goals that help the main referee make a
decision when it comes to the ball crossing over the goal-line and it might be unclear for the
main referee.
Another rule is to score a goal the whole ball must cross the goal-line, between the crossbar
and the two goal posts. If the whole ball doesn’t cross any of these points, then it will result
in being unsuccessful. When the ball finds the back of the net it counts as 1 goal. In the past
there were many cases in which the ball did meet the needs of being a successful goal but
wasn’t given by the official, because he didn’t see it clearly go past the line or meet any
other needs. Therefore, the football governing bodies tried to change it and it’s starting to
become very successful in top leagues/competitions. They done it by adding a goal line
technology system to the Premier League, this system works by giving the official some sort
of noise to indicate that a goal has been scored. In other competitions, such as the
Champions League, there were extra referees appointed to stand behind the goal and
indicate if a goal has been scored when the main official is unclear on the situation.
Volleyball
Firstly, there has to be up to 6 players on each team to begin play, there are two teams
which are separated by a net. The players will rotate one position every time their team wins
a serve. Once the server has made contact with the ball, players can move out of their
rotational positions to play the point, that means they can move freely. Players rotate
between 6 positions on the court, including 3 back-row positions behind the attack line and
3 front-row positions in front of the attack line. Players in a back-row position must not
1
