Cell Biology
IQRA MUHAMMAD
, Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................4
Findings.......................................................................................................................................................4
1 Cell Structure and Organisation................................................................................................................5
1.1 Selected characteristics of living cells................................................................................................5
Movement...........................................................................................................................................5
Respiration...........................................................................................................................................5
Reproduction.......................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.......................................................................6
Prokaryotic cell....................................................................................................................................6
Eukaryotic cell......................................................................................................................................7
Figure 4 virus cell..................................................................................................................................10
1.3 sub-cellular structure and organelles of eukaryotic cell..................................................................10
Nucleus..............................................................................................................................................10
Mitochondria.....................................................................................................................................10
Plasma membrane.............................................................................................................................10
Cytoskeleton......................................................................................................................................11
Ribosomes.........................................................................................................................................11
Rough endoplasmic reticulum...........................................................................................................11
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.........................................................................................................11
, Golgi apparatus..................................................................................................................................11
Cell wall..............................................................................................................................................12
Lysosomes and peroxisomes.............................................................................................................12
2 Cellular Metabolism................................................................................................................................13
2.1 Role of Cell Membrane....................................................................................................................13
Lipid diffusion....................................................................................................................................13
Osmosis.............................................................................................................................................13
Facilitated diffusion...........................................................................................................................14
Active transport.................................................................................................................................14
Through vesicles................................................................................................................................14
2.2 Use of Nutrients by Animal Cells to Provide Movement, Cell Division and Growth.........................14
2.3 Protein Synthesis.............................................................................................................................15
Transcription......................................................................................................................................16
Activation...........................................................................................................................................16
Translation.........................................................................................................................................16
2.4 Nucleic Acids Role in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus............................................................................17
3 Cells Growth And Division.......................................................................................................................18
3.1 Specialised Tissues Generation from Embryonic Stem Cells............................................................18
3.2 Importance of Interphase and Factors That Initiate Cell Division....................................................19
3.3 Mitosis and the Formation of Daughter Cells..................................................................................20
IQRA MUHAMMAD
, Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................4
Findings.......................................................................................................................................................4
1 Cell Structure and Organisation................................................................................................................5
1.1 Selected characteristics of living cells................................................................................................5
Movement...........................................................................................................................................5
Respiration...........................................................................................................................................5
Reproduction.......................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.......................................................................6
Prokaryotic cell....................................................................................................................................6
Eukaryotic cell......................................................................................................................................7
Figure 4 virus cell..................................................................................................................................10
1.3 sub-cellular structure and organelles of eukaryotic cell..................................................................10
Nucleus..............................................................................................................................................10
Mitochondria.....................................................................................................................................10
Plasma membrane.............................................................................................................................10
Cytoskeleton......................................................................................................................................11
Ribosomes.........................................................................................................................................11
Rough endoplasmic reticulum...........................................................................................................11
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.........................................................................................................11
, Golgi apparatus..................................................................................................................................11
Cell wall..............................................................................................................................................12
Lysosomes and peroxisomes.............................................................................................................12
2 Cellular Metabolism................................................................................................................................13
2.1 Role of Cell Membrane....................................................................................................................13
Lipid diffusion....................................................................................................................................13
Osmosis.............................................................................................................................................13
Facilitated diffusion...........................................................................................................................14
Active transport.................................................................................................................................14
Through vesicles................................................................................................................................14
2.2 Use of Nutrients by Animal Cells to Provide Movement, Cell Division and Growth.........................14
2.3 Protein Synthesis.............................................................................................................................15
Transcription......................................................................................................................................16
Activation...........................................................................................................................................16
Translation.........................................................................................................................................16
2.4 Nucleic Acids Role in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus............................................................................17
3 Cells Growth And Division.......................................................................................................................18
3.1 Specialised Tissues Generation from Embryonic Stem Cells............................................................18
3.2 Importance of Interphase and Factors That Initiate Cell Division....................................................19
3.3 Mitosis and the Formation of Daughter Cells..................................................................................20
