Test Bank For Changing Families Relationships in Context Canadian 3rd Edition By Ambert

CHAPTER 3 Contemporary Issues in Family Life TRUE-FALSE 1. Single parent families have always existed because of historical low life expectancy rates. Answer: True Difficulty: easy Page: 69 Skill: factual 2. The family as an agent of social control has expanded beyond what it was in the past. Answer: True Difficulty: moderate Page: 72 Skill: conceptual 3. Technology, consumerism, and urbanization are new functions now affecting families. Answer: True Difficulty: easy Page: 74 Skill: factual 4. Immigrant families who send remittances to their relatives contribute to the economic survival of entire societies. Answer: True Difficulty: moderate Page: 73 Skill: conceptual 5. Compared to today, families in the past were more unstable structurally, were more isolated socially, and were less well supported by other institutions. Answer: False Difficulty: moderate Page: 74 Skill: factual 6. Family functions are said to change because family structures are fluid. Answer: False Difficulty: moderate Page: 74 Skill: applied 7. Individual families’ inability or failure to shoulder certain responsibilities should be equated with a loss of functions by the family as an institution Answer: False Difficulty: moderate Page: 74 Skill: factual 8. The new social structure based on the market economy may prevent individual families from fulfilling their responsibilities adequately. Answer: True Difficulty: moderate Page: 74 Skill: conceptual 9. Affordable transportation has contributed to the existence of transnational families. Answer: True Difficulty: easy Page: 75 Skill: conceptual 10. Migration and family structures remain immune to the impacts of globalization. Answer: False Difficulty: moderate Page: 75 Skill: applied 11. Army couples often have children at a younger age than persons in other occupational categories. Answer: False Difficulty: easy Page: 78 Skill: factual 12. The 20- to 29-year-old age group comprises the majority of Canadians involved in LAT Relationships. Answer: True Difficulty: easy Page: 79 Skill: factual 13. Soaps on television are extremely popular because they remind viewers of their own family problems. Answer: False Difficulty: easy Page: 81 Skill: applied 14. Mass culture produces realistic needs for families. Answer: False Difficulty: easy Page: 88 Skill: factual 15. Research demonstrates that television shows like Temptation Island, The Bachelor, and The Bachelorette promote values that have been found to relate to low marital quality and high divorce rates. Answer: True Difficulty: moderate Page: 89 Skill: applied MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following statements is true? a. Family change is synonymous with moral family decline. b. The family has lost some traditional functions and has gained new ones. c. The family fulfills far fewer functions than it did in the 1950s. d. The loss of family functions means that the family is a less useful institution. e. The loss of family functions means that the family is a stronger institution Answer: b Difficulty: easy Page: 69 Skill: factual 2. Labelling families on the basis of ideological concerns or preferences may a. depict the true structure of family. b. help develop new theories on the family. c. destroy the present structure of family. d. prevent focus on the multiple functions that all families fulfill. e. focus on the multiple functions that all families fulfill. Answer: d Difficulty: moderate Page: 69 Skill: conceptual 3. Regarding the socialization of children, research indicates that, until mid-adolescence, a. the education system is the most important agent of socialization. b. other children are the most important agents of socialization. c. parents are the most important agents of socialization. d. media is the most important agent of socialization. e. the internet is the most important agent of socialization. Answer: c Difficulty: moderate Page: 70 Skill: conceptual 4. Which of the following functions have remained with the family over the course of time? a. The function of coordination and management of extra-familial environments. b. The economic function. c. Policing what its children and youth access on television, the Internet, their cellphone, and what they want to buy. d. It continues to be the sole agent of social integration at the personal and social levels e. Monitoring their children’s intellectual development. Answer: b Difficulty: moderate Page: 70 Skill: applied 5. What does the following scenario suggest regarding the functions that many contemporary families fulfill? “Jenny’s elderly aunt has recently been immobilized due to a stroke. Jenny’s mother is supervising and scheduling the in-home care for her.” a. This is a function that families in the past would also have fulfilled. b. This is an example of a function that has recently been imposed on families. c. This is an example of a function that families should not be expected to fulfill. d. This is an example of an additional function recently added to the family. e. This is an example of a dysfunctional social safety net. Answer: d Difficulty: difficult Page: 72 Skill: applied 6. What does it mean when we say that contemporary families are increasingly assuming the role of a welfare agency? a. They are expected to hand out weekly allowances to their elderly retired parents. b. They are expected to help the state care for their elderly parents. c. They are expected to ask their neighbours to help with the care of their elderly parents. d. They are expected to be the main caretakers of their elderly parents. e. They are expected to help other people’s elderly parents. Answer: d Difficulty: moderate Page: 72 Skill: applied 7. Which of the following is an example of a new family function? a. The reproduction and the socialization of children. b. The provision of shelter. c. The provision of nutrition and health care. d. The coordination of services children receive from other institutions. e. Establishing the socioeconomic status of family members. Answer: d Difficulty: easy Page: 71 Skill: factual 8. An important role fulfilled by families is conferring to its younger members their place within the social stratification system. This role is referred to as a. The status function. b. The identity function. c. The psychological function. d. The affective function. e. The management function. Answer: a Difficulty: easy Page: 71 Skill: factual 9. Which of the following is an example of the family role referred to as “agency of social control”? a. Monitoring their children’s social and intellectual development. b. Monitoring their children’s computer and television consumption. c. Monitoring their children’s extra-familial environment. d. Monitoring their children’s psychological development. e. Monitoring their children’s physical security. Answer: b Difficulty: moderate Page: 72 Skill: conceptual 10. If families are not as cohesive today as they were in the past then this is most likely because a. They refuse to take on the required roles and functions that are necessary for a stable and healthy family. b. Television and other media are competing for the hearts and minds of children. c. They are having fewer children. d. Families are no longer permitted to discipline their children. e. Families are expected to take on a greater variety of roles and functions than was the case for families in the past. Answer: e Difficulty: moderate Page: 73 Skill: factual 11. Economic deprivation, segregation, and social stigmatization, a. are elements that prevent individual families from fulfilling their functions. b. do not have any influence on families. c. are indications of a dysfunctional family. d. only affect same-sex families. e. are elements that do not prevent individual families from fulfilling their functions. Answer: a Difficulty: easy Page: 74 Skill: factual 12. The concern over the “decline” in family functions most likely stems from a. confusion between individual families’ failures and the family as an institution. b. religious and traditional beliefs about appropriate individual behaviour. c. television depictions of families of the 1950s. d. rapid changes in family structure. e. inaccurate data. Answer: a Difficulty: moderate Page: 74 Skill: factual 13. Rather than be concerned with the obsolence of the family, society’s main concern should be a. multigenerational families b. religious observances in families. c. the burdens placed on families with new functions. d. patriarchy in family relations. e. multicultural families in society. Answer: c Difficulty: moderate Page: 74 Skill: factual 14. Which of the following statements about familial obligations in North American culture is correct? a. North American society places an emphasis on familial obligation. b. familial obligation is only relevant for immigrant families. c. only female head of households have a sense of familial obligation. d. across the world, cultures emphasize familial obligations and mutual support far more than North American culture does. e. male head of households feel a sense of familial obligation. Answer: d Difficulty: moderate Page: 74 Skill: conceptual 15. Which aspects of the new social structure bestows a new set of responsibilities for families? a. political changes that emphasize conservatism. b. citizenship rights c. increases in social welfare programs. d. a culture of individualism. e. the gendered division of labour. Answer: d Difficulty: moderate Page: 74 Skill: factual 16. An example of a ‘socially driven’ family problem is a. divorce among couples b. religious conflict in families. c. economic deprivation d. sibling rivalry in families e. multigenerational family structures. Answer: c Difficulty: moderate Page: 74 Skill: factual 17. _____ Which single factor could help families to successfully fulfill their numerous functions? a. couples who marry earlier in life. b. couples who have fewer children. c. families that include grandparents living in their households. d. assistance from political and other societal institutions. e. couples who attend family therapy sessions. Answer: d Difficulty: moderate Page: 75 Skill: conceptual 18. Which scenario describes a transnational family? a. a father who works in Canada on a temporary work visa while his wife and children live in another country. b. a multigenerational family with two or more members who are foreign born. c. a family where the couple are from two different ethnic backgrounds. d. a family that travels together from one country to another over a period of years. e. a mother who works in another city than that of her husband and children. Answer: a Difficulty: easy Page: 75 Skill: conceptual 19. A ‘wild geese’ family in South Korean culture is one in which a. the father migrates to Canada, leaving his wife and child behind. b. the family migrates from one country to another in a nomadic fashion. c. the mother and her children migrate to Canada while the father remains in South Korea. d. the grandparents accompany the migrating family. e. the parents migrate to Canada and leave their children to be cared by grandparents back in South Korea. Answer: c Difficulty: moderate Page: 75 Skill: conceptual 20. The term _____ describes immigrant women whose husbands, within a few months after their arrival in the host country, return again to work in their country of origin. a. Transnational wives b. Military wives c. wives Illegal workers’ wives d. Guestworker wives e. Astronaut wives Answer: e Difficulty: easy: Page: 76 Skill: conceptual 21. Research indicates that military families would be benefitted by having more access to key resources, including especially a. higher pay and better access to medical care. b. better access to medical care and mental health. c. longer leaves of absence and higher pay. d. better means of communication and more housing subsidies. e. better schools for their children and tighter network of friends. Answer: b Difficulty: easy: Page: 77 Skill: factual 22. Certain aspects of military life make it difficult to cope with spousal violence. Which of the following is the best predictor of spousal abuse in the army? a. A history of spousal abuse before entering the military. b. The extent of the victims’ economic dependency on their Canadian Forces spouse. c. The peculiarities of Married Quarters neighbourhoods. d. The frequency of the postings e. The unfamiliar and closed environment of army bases. Answer: d Difficulty: easy: Page: 78 Skill: factual 23. A growing phenomenon is the LAT (living apart together) family. In Canada, it is found most commonly a. among well-paid professionals both of whom cannot move because of career obligations. b. among young people who have yet to fully commit to marriage. c. among couples with children from previous marriages. d. within ethnic communities. e. among those who earn less than the average income. Answer: e Difficulty: easy Page: 79 Skill: factual 24. One of the most salient historical developments for society, its families, and their children is a. child labour laws and compulsory schooling b. extra-residential unions. c. The LAT (couples living apart together) phenomenon d. audiovisual media. e. the invention of the telephone. Answer: d Difficulty: easy: Page: 79 Skill: factual 25. Changing family leisure trends in the 1960s occurred due to a. a decrease in the socialization of children. b. more time spent watching television. c. more time spent in solitary pursuits like reading. d. changes in musical preferences between younger and older generations. e. increased participation in higher education. Answer: b Difficulty: easy Page: 80 Skill: factual 26. In general, parents like Sesame Street because a. it teaches children to be kind to animals. b. it contains religiously inspired themes and messages. c. it contains no sex or violence. d. it educates children about the importance of family life. e. it acquaints children with different cultures. Answer: c Difficulty: moderate Page: 81 Skill: factual 27. Stephanie Coontz called the nostalgia of this television show, “The Way We Never Were.” What show is Coontz referring to? a. Sesame Street. b. The Mary Tyler Moore Show. c. The Cosby Show. d. Leave It to Beaver. e. Fresh Prince of Bel Air. Answer: d Difficulty: easy Page: 81 Skill: factual 28. In order to prove that television violence contributes to making children more aggressive a. longitudinal studies must be carried out. b. children who watch more television have to be found to be more aggressive. c. children who play video games have to be followed over time. d. correlations have to be established between the two phenomena. e. studies must include personal interviews with children. Answer: a Difficulty: easy Page: 85 Skill: conceptual 29. Research indicates that the internet a. is not as popular as it was 10 years ago. b. contains reliable information about family life. c. has helped parents socialize their children. d. is less family oriented than television viewing. e. increases communication within the family. Answer: d Difficulty: easy Page: 84 Skill: factual 30. Viewing violent programs may teach children a. conflict cannot be resolved with verbal and physical threats. b. to have a higher threshold for frustration. c. that there are no real consequences of killing. d. aggressive techniques of play such as punching, kicking, or killing. e. to question authority. Answer: c Difficulty: easy Page: 86 Skill: factual 31. Which of the following is a research result indicating that the sexual content of soap operas may influence adolescent behaviour? a. Soaps have been found to contain more sex among single than married couples. b. Adolescents who watch soaps develop a lenient attitude toward sexual infidelities. c. Adolescents who watch soaps begin dating earlier than those who don’t watch them. d. Adolescents who watch soaps tend to be sexually aggressive. e. Soaps become a major topic of conversation among adolescents. Answer: b Difficulty: moderate Page: 88 Skill: factual 32. Which of the following statements is the best example of how the media distort reality? a. 50 percent of the crimes shown on television are murders, while in reality murders represent only 0.2 percent of the crimes reported to the FBI b. 0.2 percent of the crimes shown on television are murders, while in reality murders represent 50 percent of the crimes reported to the FBI. c. The media’s representation of murder rates matches the murder rates reported to the FBI d. The media prevents the distribution of research results that could be damaging to their image. e. The media depicts family life in the past as an example of how family life should look like today. Answer: a Difficulty: moderate Page: 85 Skill: conceptual 33. Habermas has referred to television and the internet as an “insulating experience” which a. splits children and adults from their everyday lives and leads to cultural impoverishment. b. splits children and adults from the world around them and leads to cultural awareness. c. protects the family from societal pressures. d. brings families together as a communication unit. e. builds on the knowledge parents and children acquire about the world around them. Answer: a Difficulty: moderate Page: 89 Skill: conceptual 34. The Internet can be a dangerous form of information gathering because a. erroneous and misleading information is too frequently accepted. b. it is often done in complete isolation. c. there is an abundance of excellent information. d. families become too reliant on the internet as a source of information. e. it is addictive. Answer: a Difficulty: easy Page: 90 Skill: factual 35. The rapid pace of technology change is argued to be a. a positive influence for society. b. a negative impact on the family. c. creating a more solidified family structure. d. causing a less individualistic society. e. creating greater social interaction. Answer: b Difficulty: easy Page: 90 Skill: conceptual SHORT ANSWER 1. The family has changed over time but has retained many if its traditional functions. List 4 of these functions and discuss the importance of maintaining such functions. Answer: The family has maintained members’ needs for physical security in the form of shelter, nutritional needs, and ensuring physical health within their means. Attending to the family’s needs has become more important, particularly in the area of health care, due to the cutbacks in the health care system in Canada. The family still provides for the socialization of children and often the family is needed to counteract negative events and influences in children’s lives. This provides an environment of safety from the social world, creates a sense of belonging, and provides a basis for entry into adult life. The family provides a sense of identity, particularly for the children. Building a strong identity is invaluable in a media-influenced culture. The family still takes on the role of psychological stabilization for its children in that it provides a sense of identity and belongingness. Difficulty: moderate Page: 70-72 Skill: conceptual 1. Define and provide two examples of transnational families. Answer: Transnational families are a feature of globalization. Bryceson and Vuorela define transnational families as “families that live some or most of the time separated from each other, yet hold together and create something that can be seen as a feeling of collective welfare and unity, namely ‘familyhood,’ even across national borders” (2002:3). One example is that of Military nuclear families. They are transnational in the temporary sense whereby one member of the family may be stationed overseas or undergoing training while the other member stays home with the children. A second example that fits the definition of transnational families are couples living apart together (LAT). These types of relationships involve couples who maintain separate households and may or may not be married. Research indicates that individuals who choose this lifestyle have less traditional ideas about the importance of maintaining long-term relationships than do married or cohabiting persons. Difficulty: easy Page: 75-76 Skill: conceptual 3. Briefly describe the challenges faced by military families. Answer: Many return home suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), serious injuries, and amputations. PTSD is also related to higher levels of distress among spouses. As a result, families, including parents, care for these young adults with comparatively little support from the government. Families are also affected because they are separated from their loved one, are worried, and their daily routines are changed. Indeed, Sudom (2010 ) reports that about 70 percent of spouses have experienced the deployment of their military partner at least once. Even very young children develop fears of what could happen to the parent who is deployed abroad and this type of parental absence is related to anxiety and even behavioural problems (Booth et al., 2007 ; Card et al., 2011; Dekel and Goldblatt, 2008). Adolescents report signs of depression, stress, and “short fuse” in their at-home parent while the other is away. When the parent returns, adjustment difficulties include reintegrating the parent into the daily routine and helping with his or her difficulties in recognizing the changes that have occurred in the children during the parent’s absence ( Huebner and Mancini, 2005). It is assumed that repeated separations are more disruptive of family life (Orthner and Rose, 2009). Difficulty: moderate Page: 77 Skill: factual 4. How does television affect young people’s sexual behaviours? Justify your answer with the help of research results. Answer: Research by Sapolsky and Tabarlet (1991) indicated that the majority of sexual action and language shown on television took place between unmarried characters. Research by Chandra and her colleagues (2008) demonstrated that young teens who watch a great deal of programming depicting sexual content are at greater risk of pregnancy. Other researchers have shown that sexual content relates to earlier sexual activities in some groups of young teens (Brown et al., 2006). Difficulty: moderate Page: 88-89 Skill: factual 5. Discuss the role that audiovisual media may play in the development of problematic behaviours that may promote violence. Answer: According to researchers, the rate of violent crimes in the U.S. and other western countries rose quite dramatically after 1965, a time when the first generation of children raised with television were coming of age. It also may be argued that while exposure to violent television and videos may not be the main factor leading to aggressive behaviour, it is an enabling environment for problematic behaviours: children may have a lower tolerance for irritation which in itself may lead to violent outbursts and aggression. There is also an argument that children become desensitized by the amount of violence and number of murders viewed on television, in videos and games that may lead to dangerously aggressive behaviours although this has not been proved conclusively. Difficulty: moderate Page: 85-87 Skill: conceptual 6. The Internet is both a positive and negative form of media. Discuss the negative impact of the Internet on children as well as the positive aspects of the Internet in family life. Answer: The Internet is reported to have led to a decrease in the amount of time children spend on homework and studying. Additionally, parents believe that children are using the Internet 68 percent of the time for studying when in fact they are spending 38 percent of their time using it for schoolwork. Internet users read fewer books and magazines, spending more time downloading music and using e-mail. Internet use is a very individualistic activity and has altered the amount of time families spend together. As well, parents and children have diverse areas of interest on the Internet so the common experience of sharing such as is the case when the family watches television has decreased. There are positive aspects of the Internet however; properly used, the Internet provides a social and cultural resource where one can be involved in social interaction. As well the Internet acts as a cultural resource or learning environment. Difficulty: moderate Page: 84-85, 89 Skill: factual