Tectonic case studies
Enquiry 1
Intra-plate
UK (Intraplate earthquake) experience minor earthquakes (25 each year) despite being
1500 km from the nearest plate boundary
Hawaii (Intraplate volcano) 15 volcanoes - The submarine volcano Loihi is the youngest in
the Hawaniian chain,being created as the pacific plate moves north-westward over the hot
spot
Plate boundary
Japan 2011 (Destructive plate boundary earthquake )
San andreas faults (Conservative plate boundary earthquake )
Earthquake secondary hazard
New Zealand,Christchurch 2011 (Liquefaction)
Kashmir 2005 (Landslide)
Nepal 2015 (Avalanche)
Volcanoes primary hazard
Mt merapi - pyroclastic flow destroyed rice crops
Enquiry 2
Vulnerability
Myanmar- Moderate risk for natural hazard,poor coping capacity -poor internet and
education. Ranked 7th out of 190 nations - high vulnerability
Japan- high exposure to natural hazards, good coping capacity - educated, effective
government and high connective. Ranked 133rd out of 190 nations - low vulnerability
Social impact
Haiti, 2010 - earthquake killed 300,000, LIC
New zealand, 2011 - earthquake killed 181
Economic impact
Montserrat,1995 - Volcanic eruption caused $120 million in damages
St Helens,USA 1980 - $970 million in damages
Inequality
Bam,Iran 2003 - unequal access to strong infrastructure, 31,000 killed when unbaked clay
house collapsed
Mount Merapi - unequal access to income, farmer returned to their livestock within the
volcanic eruption evacuation zone - live in risky areas as they have nowhere else to go
Governance
Haiti - poor governance and corruption
Comparing developing and developed countries
Earthquakes
Indonesia, 2004 (earthquake and tsunami) - Magnitude: 9 Deaths: 228,900 Cost: $16.5bn
Enquiry 1
Intra-plate
UK (Intraplate earthquake) experience minor earthquakes (25 each year) despite being
1500 km from the nearest plate boundary
Hawaii (Intraplate volcano) 15 volcanoes - The submarine volcano Loihi is the youngest in
the Hawaniian chain,being created as the pacific plate moves north-westward over the hot
spot
Plate boundary
Japan 2011 (Destructive plate boundary earthquake )
San andreas faults (Conservative plate boundary earthquake )
Earthquake secondary hazard
New Zealand,Christchurch 2011 (Liquefaction)
Kashmir 2005 (Landslide)
Nepal 2015 (Avalanche)
Volcanoes primary hazard
Mt merapi - pyroclastic flow destroyed rice crops
Enquiry 2
Vulnerability
Myanmar- Moderate risk for natural hazard,poor coping capacity -poor internet and
education. Ranked 7th out of 190 nations - high vulnerability
Japan- high exposure to natural hazards, good coping capacity - educated, effective
government and high connective. Ranked 133rd out of 190 nations - low vulnerability
Social impact
Haiti, 2010 - earthquake killed 300,000, LIC
New zealand, 2011 - earthquake killed 181
Economic impact
Montserrat,1995 - Volcanic eruption caused $120 million in damages
St Helens,USA 1980 - $970 million in damages
Inequality
Bam,Iran 2003 - unequal access to strong infrastructure, 31,000 killed when unbaked clay
house collapsed
Mount Merapi - unequal access to income, farmer returned to their livestock within the
volcanic eruption evacuation zone - live in risky areas as they have nowhere else to go
Governance
Haiti - poor governance and corruption
Comparing developing and developed countries
Earthquakes
Indonesia, 2004 (earthquake and tsunami) - Magnitude: 9 Deaths: 228,900 Cost: $16.5bn
