Test Bank For American Corrections 11th Edition by Todd R. Clear

True / False 1. The Pennsylvania System focused on the isolation of inmates and serving penance. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: b. False True The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 2. English trends and practices greatly influenced American corrections. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. False True The Colonial Period ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. Bloom's: Remember 3. The Auburn System focused on a congregate system of operations. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: b. False True The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 4. Social and political values greatly influence correctional thought and practices. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: b. False The Arrival of the Penitentiary The Development of Prisons in the South and West ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. False False The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Bloom's: Remember True 5. The positivist school looked to free will and rational thought as the reason for crime. a. True 6. The original penitentiary relied on penance and contemplation as the means for the criminal offender to move from sin toward perfection. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: a. True b. False True The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 7. Within 40 years of their initiation, penitentiaries had become overcrowded, understaffed, and minimally financed. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. False True The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. Bloom's: Remember 8. Correctional practices, especially the use of the penitentiary, developed similarly across the United States. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: b. False The Arrival of the Penitentiary The Development of Prisons in the South and West ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember False 9. Corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be treated is known as the crime control model. a. True b. False REFERENCES: The Crime Control Model: The Pendulum Swings Again ANSWER: False LEARNING OBJECTIVES ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control : model. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 10. The ideas of inmate classification, parole, and rehabilitative programs were first created and put into practice at the Elmira Reformatory for boys. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a. True b. False True The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Bloom's: Remember 11. Convict labor for profit became an essential part of the Pennsylvania penitentiary system throughout the early 1800s. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: b. False False The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 12. The infamous Attica Prison Riot that took place in September 1971 at New York State’s Attica Correctional Facility aided and inspired the move toward a community corrections model. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: From Medical Model to Community Model LEARNING OBJECTI ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political VES: values of the 1960s and 1970s. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 13. Not until the 1960s were there serious attempts made to implement the ideas of the medical model of corrections in the United States. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Rise of the Medical Model LEARNING OBJECT ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of IVES: criminal behavior and its correction. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 14. Incarceration, in the tradition of the early English workhouse, developed in the immediate aftermath of the American Revolutionary War. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: a. True b. False True The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 15. Until the early 1900s, Americans followed the European practice of relying on brutal forms of corporal punishment. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Colonial Period LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 16. The Progressives thought it necessary to know the life history of each offender in order to devise an appropriate treatment plan for that specific individual. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: Multiple Choice a. True b. False True The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Bloom's: Remember 17. The country that gave the world its first penitentiary is: a. b. c. d. LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 19. The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement? England. France. Egypt. the United States. d The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 18. In New England, the Puritans maintained a society governed by what type of principles? ANSWER: REFERENCES: KEYWORDS: a. b. c. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: Potomac, Maryland Auburn, New York Trenton, New Jersey Cherry Hill, Pennsylvania d The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember a. b. c. d. legalistic religious socialist capitalist b The Colonial Period 20. Many ideas that arose from the Enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by: a. human nature. b. forces in the environment. c. biology. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: sin. b The Reformatory Movement ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Bloom's: Remember 21. The inmates. was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each inmate was held in isolation from other a. congregate system b. assemble system c. separate confinement system d. segregated confinement system ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: c The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 22. The “congregate” system of prison discipline was first instituted at the: KEYWORDS: a. b. c. d. Walnut Street Jail. Sing Sing Penitentiary. Eastern Penitentiary. Auburn Penitentiary. d The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 23. The first institution to embody the principles of the Cincinnati Prison Congress was: KEYWORDS: 24. With the a. b. c. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: a. b. c. d. Sing Sing Prison. Auburn State Penitentiary Elmira Reformatory. Cincinnati City Prison. c The Reformatory Movement ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. Bloom's: Remember rise of the medical model, the emphasis in corrections shifted to: vocational programs for criminals. educational programs for offenders. the treatment and diagnosis of criminals. work release programs for criminals. c The Rise of the Medical Model LEARNING OBJECT ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of IVES: criminal behavior and its correction. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 25. Between 1790 and 1830, the population in urban America: a. b. c. d. LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: 26. During the colonial to local conditions. sharply declined. sharply increased. remained unchanged. none of the above. b The Rise of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember period most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from ___________ and adapted ANSWER: REFERENCES: a. b. c. d. Italy England Germany France ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 27. Separate confinement was first implemented in: a. Eastern State Penitentiary. b. Western State Penitentiary. c. Auburn Penitentiary. d. Walnut Street Jail. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: d The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember b The Colonial Period 28. The penitentiary was to be a place where: a. offenders were isolated from bad influences in society. b. offenders were isolated from one another. c. offenders could reflect on their misdeeds. d. all of these ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: d The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 29. The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the ____________ system of corrections. a. b. c. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: 30. The medical model the congregate inmate labor the separate confinement contract-lease c The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember of corrections began to be implemented during the: a. 1890s. b. 1920s. c. 1930s. d. 1960s. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: The Rise of the Medical Model LEARNING OBJECT ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of IVES: criminal behavior and its correction. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 31. In regard to the convict lease system, prisoners were: a. used only for prison maintenance . b. used for non-profit labor purposes. c. used for labor for profit by private interests. d. confined to ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: work in their cells performing meaningless tasks. c The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 32. During the Progressive Reform Era, two main correctional strategies were implemented. They included improving KEYWORDS: conditions in a. b. c. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: social environments and: feeding inmates a more nutritious diet. ensuring prisoners were not in solitude. reintegrating inmates into society. rehabilitating individual offenders. d The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. Bloom's: Remember 33. The _________________ refers to an institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation. a. panopticon ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: 34. Which of the a. b. c. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Bloom's: Remember b. jail c. reformatory d. penitentiary d The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives? probation determinate sentencing parole indeterminate sentencing 35. The approach to criminology is based on the assumption that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Bloom's: Remember a. b. c. d. Classical School Positivist School Progressive School Neoclassical School 36. The was an institution for young offenders that emphasized training, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole. a. b. c. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: penitentiary jail juvenile detention center reformatory d The Reformatory Movement ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Bloom's: Remember 37. The leasing of convicts to private entrepreneurs first took hold in the: a. North. b. West. c. South. d. East. c The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 38. Eastern State Penitentiary was designed by: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: KEYWORDS: a. b. c. d. John Howard. John Haviland. Jeremy Bentham. Cesare Lombroso. b The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 39. By the mid-1800s, reformers became disillusioned with the _____________ since rehabilitation or deterrence was not being realized. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: c The Reformatory Movement ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. Bloom's: Remember a. b. c. d. parole system contract-lease system penitentiary mark system 40. ______________________ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated confinement in England, which called for an inmate to obtain marks toward early release. a. b. c. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: John Howard Sir Walter Crofton Jeremy Bentham Alexander Maconochie d The Reformatory Movement ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Bloom's: Remember 41. According to community-based corrections, the goal of the criminal justice system is to: a. punish the offender. b. reintegrate the offender. c. focus on the victim. d. achieve justice. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: From Medical Model to Community Model LEARNING OBJECTI ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political VES: values of the 1960s and 1970s. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 42. According to the _____________________ model of corrections, criminals can be controlled appropriately through more direct use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision. a. b. c. d. LEARNING OBJECTIVES : KEYWORDS: due process crime control medical reformatory b The Crime Control Model: The Pendulum Swings Again ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model. Bloom's: Remember ANSWER: REFERENCES: 43. Beginning in the 1930s, reformers put forward the _____________ model of corrections, which viewed criminal behavior as caused by psychological or biological deficiencies. a. medical b. due process c. community d. crime control ANSWER: a REFERENCES: The Rise of the Medical Model LEARNING OBJECT ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of IVES: criminal behavior and its correction. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 44. Although the idea of ______________ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States. a. b. c. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: work-release probation parole determinate sentencing c The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. Bloom's: Remember 45. _________________ is an alternative to incarceration which allows offenders to be treated in the community under supervised conditions. a. Parole b. Probation ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. Bloom's: Remember a. b. c. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: training religion treatment penance a The Reformatory Movement ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. Bloom's: Remember c. d. Contract-lease Determinate sentencing 46. The reformatory movement emphasized education and __________________ , and on the basis of an inmate’s successful participation in both could conceivably earn him/her early release. 47. _______________________was commissioned the first Warden of the Auburn State Penitentiary in New York in 1821; he instituted a system that called for the inmates to adhere to strict discipline and to wear pinstripes and to walk in lockstep. a. b. c. d. LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: Numeric Response Zebulon Brockway Elam Lynds John Haviland Sanford Bates b The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember ANSWER: REFERENCES: Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young offenders b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for offenders d. Done by inmate labor e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor f. Reintegration is the goal g. Developed in Auburn, NY h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior i. Isolates prisoners from society j. Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime 48. Lease system ANSWER: e REFERENCES: See key terms throughout chapter. LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model. Bloom's: Remember 49. Positivist school KEYWORDS: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: i See key terms throughout chapter. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model. Bloom's: Remember 50. Congregate system KEYWORDS: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: g See key terms throughout chapter. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model. Bloom's: Remember 51. Contract labor system ANSWER: d REFERENCES: See key terms throughout chapter. LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: 52. Mark system ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: 53. Penitentiary ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: 54. Reformatory ANSWER: REFERENCES: ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model. Bloom's: Remember b See key terms throughout chapter. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model. Bloom's: Remember i See key terms throughout chapter. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model. Bloom's: Remember a See key terms throughout chapter. LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model. Bloom's: Remember 55. Community corrections KEYWORDS: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: f See key terms throughout chapter. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model. Bloom's: Remember 56. Crime control model KEYWORDS: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: 57. Medical model ANSWER: REFERENCES: h See key terms throughout chapter. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model. Bloom's: Remember c See key terms throughout chapter. LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: Completion ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 - Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model. Bloom's: Remember 58. An institution intended to isolate offenders from society and one another so they could reflect on their misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation is called a . ANSWER: penitentiary REFERENCES: The Arrival of the Penitentiary LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 59. The ______________ were a group that looked to the social, economic, biological, and psychological rather than religious or moral explanations for the causes of crime. ANSWER: Progressives REFERENCES: The Rise of the Progressives LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 60. The first two decades of the 1900s, referred to as ______________, set the dominant tone for U.S. social thought and political action through the 1960s. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Age of Reform The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Bloom's: Remember 61. After the Civil War, southern legislatures passed the , harsh laws designed to control newly freed African Americans. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: Black Codes The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 62. The medical model of corrections is based on the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by social, psychological, or biological deficiencies that require . ANSWER: treatment REFERENCES: The Rise of the Medical Model LEARNING OBJECT ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of IVES: criminal behavior and its correction. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 63. Progressives implemented probation, , and parole throughout the United States. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: indeterminate sentences The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Bloom's: Remember 64. Progressives wanted to know the ______________ of an offender so that they could devise an individualized treatment program. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: life history The Rise of the Progressives ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 - Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Bloom's: Remember 65. The first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons upon authorization by Congress in 1929 was . ANSWER: Sanford Bates REFERENCES: The Rise of the Medical Model LEARNING OBJECT ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 - Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of IVES: criminal behavior and its correction. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 66. The 1980s in corrections centered on crime control through and risk containment. ANSWER: incarceration REFERENCES: The Crime Control Model: The Pendulum Swings Again LEARNING OBJECTIVES ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control : model. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 67. The social and political climate of the 1960s gave rise to a model of corrections. ANSWER: crime control REFERENCES: The Crime Control Model: The Pendulum Swings Again LEARNING OBJECTIVES ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 - Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control : model. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 68. A _________________ is an institution that is created for young offenders that emphasizes education and training, a mark system of classification, parole, and indeterminate sentences. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: reformatory The Reformatory Movement ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. Bloom's: Remember 69. In 1682, with the arrival of William Penn, Pennsylvania adopted the “___________,” which was based on humane Quaker principles and emphasized hard labor in a house of correction as punishment for most crimes. ANSWER: Great Law REFERENCES: The Colonial Period LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 70. Although conceptualized by early English reformers, the penitentiary first appeared in the United States in the city of ____________, when part of the Walnut Street Jail was converted to allow for separate confinement. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: Philadelphia The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 71. The opening of Eastern State Penitentiary in 1829 marked the full development and implementation of the _______________ system. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: separate confinement The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 72. The _________________ penitentiary system of incarceration called for inmates to be held in isolation at night but to work with other inmates during the day under a rule of silence. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: congregate The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 73. The congregate penitentiary system was more concerned with instilling good work habits to prevent a relapse into crime than with ________________ an offender’s character. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: rehabilitating The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 74. Immediately following the Civil War, the ______________ system of corrections permitted inmates to be loaned to private contractors who provided prisoners food and clothing in exchange for their labor. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: Essay lease The Development of Prisons in the South and West ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Remember 75. Discuss the importance that the state of Pennsylvania played within the correctional system. What impact if any does it still have on our correctional institutions today? ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: Answers will vary. The Colonial Period and The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 - Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance. ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 - Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Understand 76. The nature and practices of corrections relate to environment. What kinds of conditions were prevalent in the South after the Civil War and how did this landscape affect corrections? Was anything unique or distinct in this region? ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: Answers will vary. The Development of Prisons in the South and West ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Understand 77. Discuss the historical development of parole and indeterminate sentencing. Does either have a place in the current correctional climate or would we be better off to abolish them? Defend your answer. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Answers will vary. The Reformatory Movement ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 - Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. Bloom's: Understand 78. Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania system to the New York system of corrections. Discuss the pros and cons of each. Are any of the concepts still used in prisons today? If so how, and if not, why not? ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNINGOBJECTI VES: KEYWORDS: Answers will vary. The Arrival of the Penitentiary ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02-Distinguishthebasicassumptionsofthepenitentiarysystemsof Pennsylvania and New York. Bloom's: Understand