UNIT 5
P1
Networking operatng systems
A network operatng system is designed for supportng workstatonss suuch as database
sharings appliucaton sharing and fle and printer aucucess sharing among multple ucomputers
on a network. Standalone operatng systems for example Miucrosof indows NT ucome with
the multpurpose ucapabilites and ucan auct as network operatng systems.
Networking operatng system – examples – Netware
Novell is a business whiuch was the marketng leader for networking operatng system
market for many years before Miucrosofts indows NT and windows 2000 systems.
Netware has Novellts proprietary network and transport layer protoucols whiuch is an
internetwork paucket exuchange. It also uses internetwork paucket exuchange (IPX) and
sequenuces paucket exuchange.
Networking operatng system – examples – Linux
Linux is an operatng system ucreated to be a version of UNIX whiuch runs on x86 based PC
aruchiteucture. Linux has many diferent versions and varietes whiuch is put aucross to
diferent hardware plaforms. Linux is free to download whiuch makes it very populars as
many other operatng systems have to be paid for. Linux versions ucome in workstaton or
serer installatons: both inuclude networking operatng systems.
Standalone operatng system
A standalone operatng system is ucomplete and is able to work on a desktop ucomputer.
This means the operatng system ucan funucton independently without any other hardware
requirement. Some examples of operatng systems whiuch are standalone are: windows 7
and Linux Ubuntu.
Firewall
Firewall is usually used to prevent unwanted internet users aucucessing networks on the
internet. Conneuctons whiuch enter and leave the network go through the frewalls whiuch
makes sure eauch uconneucton is wanted and bloucks uconneuctons whiuch are not meetng the
seucurity requirement of the frewall. Many operatng systems usually have an appliucaton
built in to the operatng system. One example would be windows frewalls whiuch ucomes
with many of the latest windows operatng systemss suuch as windows 7s 8 and 10. MaucOS X
is an operatng system made by apples whiuch has a frewall. You ucan also download
sofware whiuch is also a frewalls it doesntt just have to ucome with the operatng systems
and one example would be ucomodos
Network protocols
,A manger in networking has to know the number of diferent protoucolss and those
In the appliucaton layer of the 7-layer ISO OSI model. Highly uconsiderably. These protoucols
are able to be put in on diferent types of sizes and diferent type of ucomputer plaforms
and operatng systems. (Miucrosof windowss Sony PSPs Linux)
Eauch one of the protoucols use a speucial network ports in whiuch they must be allowed by
leaving them open in the sofware or hardware frewalls for the protoucols to funucton
ucorreuctly.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP also known as Transmission ucontrol protoucol/ Internet protoucol is a simple
language/protoucol for the internet. Itts also able to be used as protoucol ucommuniucaton for
private networks. hen a ucomputer has aucucess to the internets the ucomputer has a ucopy of
the TCP/IP programs and also other ucomputers that you send or get informaton has a ucopy
of the TCP/IP
Network protocol example – SNMPv3
SNMPs also known as simple network management protoucol is a protoucol whiuch
performs network management by observing deviuces for adverse uconditons that
require administratve atenton. .eviuce examples that support SNMP: Servers and
workstatonss network deviucess networked deviucess UPS. SNMP works by server-based
managing and fnds out how it performing. The manager proucess then reports the data
and statstucs to the network manager. SMNP allows network managers to ucheuck
network performanuce to resolve and fx network problem.
POP
POP is short for post ofuce protoucols a protoucol used to reuceive email from a mail
server. Many email appliucatonss use pop protoucol. Some use the new version whiuch is
Internet message aucucess protoucol.
Network protocol example – ICMP
ICMP known as internet ucontrol message protoucol is used to help operatng systems
and support teuchniucians to disucover issues when IP data transmissions are oucucurring.
The ucommon and manual use of ICMP is ‘pingt whiuch uses eucho request to test the
uconneuctvity between the two IP address deviuces by forwarding and analysing the data.
DHCP
, .HCP also known as dynamiuc host uconfguraton protoucol is a network ` protoucol that
enables a server to automatucally give an ip address to a ucomputer from a range of
numbers (whiuch is also known as a sucope) uconfguraton for a speucifuc network.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a method of exuchanging data wirelessly from a short distanuce. Bluetooth
uses radio frequenucy to transmit data. The deviuce then ucreates a short range network.
Bluetooth ucan be used to transfer fless for example sending photos from a mobile
phone to a ucomputer without requiring any ucables.
SSL
SSL known as seucure soucket layer is a transparent protoucol whiuch needs low amount of
interaucton from the end users when using a seucure session. For example when a user is
using SSL the browser displays a padlouck. The padlouck represents that the browser
uconneucton to the server is now seucure. SSL is ucommonly used when making online
ucredit ucard transauctons.
Network layouts
Loucal area networks ucome in diferent shapes and diferent sizess they ucommonly use
have alike teuchnology and ucomponents. The most ucommonly used type is LANs this is
based on Ethernet teuchnologys as originally devised by digitals and Intels whiuch was
released in 1980 and is stll used.
Network layouts example – topologies
A ucomputer network topology is the physiucal ucommuniucaton layout used by uconneucted
deviuces. These pages show the ucommon ucomputer network topologies inucluding buss
ring and star topology diagrams. More ucomplex networks ucan be built as hybrids of
two or more of these basiuc topologies.
Ring,
Is a ucomputer network managed where the deviuce is uconneucted to eauch network in a
ucirucular shape. Eauch paucket is sent around the ring untl it reauches the last destnaton.
The ring topology was usually used in suchoolss and small buildings where the network is
small.
Linear
A linear topology usually has a main ucable with a terminator at eauch ends in whiuch the
linear ucable is plugged into a node (suuch as a work staton.)
Mesh
A mesh network topology has a deucentralized design whiuch eauch node on a network is
uconneucted to a minimum of another two nodes.
Star topologies
P1
Networking operatng systems
A network operatng system is designed for supportng workstatonss suuch as database
sharings appliucaton sharing and fle and printer aucucess sharing among multple ucomputers
on a network. Standalone operatng systems for example Miucrosof indows NT ucome with
the multpurpose ucapabilites and ucan auct as network operatng systems.
Networking operatng system – examples – Netware
Novell is a business whiuch was the marketng leader for networking operatng system
market for many years before Miucrosofts indows NT and windows 2000 systems.
Netware has Novellts proprietary network and transport layer protoucols whiuch is an
internetwork paucket exuchange. It also uses internetwork paucket exuchange (IPX) and
sequenuces paucket exuchange.
Networking operatng system – examples – Linux
Linux is an operatng system ucreated to be a version of UNIX whiuch runs on x86 based PC
aruchiteucture. Linux has many diferent versions and varietes whiuch is put aucross to
diferent hardware plaforms. Linux is free to download whiuch makes it very populars as
many other operatng systems have to be paid for. Linux versions ucome in workstaton or
serer installatons: both inuclude networking operatng systems.
Standalone operatng system
A standalone operatng system is ucomplete and is able to work on a desktop ucomputer.
This means the operatng system ucan funucton independently without any other hardware
requirement. Some examples of operatng systems whiuch are standalone are: windows 7
and Linux Ubuntu.
Firewall
Firewall is usually used to prevent unwanted internet users aucucessing networks on the
internet. Conneuctons whiuch enter and leave the network go through the frewalls whiuch
makes sure eauch uconneucton is wanted and bloucks uconneuctons whiuch are not meetng the
seucurity requirement of the frewall. Many operatng systems usually have an appliucaton
built in to the operatng system. One example would be windows frewalls whiuch ucomes
with many of the latest windows operatng systemss suuch as windows 7s 8 and 10. MaucOS X
is an operatng system made by apples whiuch has a frewall. You ucan also download
sofware whiuch is also a frewalls it doesntt just have to ucome with the operatng systems
and one example would be ucomodos
Network protocols
,A manger in networking has to know the number of diferent protoucolss and those
In the appliucaton layer of the 7-layer ISO OSI model. Highly uconsiderably. These protoucols
are able to be put in on diferent types of sizes and diferent type of ucomputer plaforms
and operatng systems. (Miucrosof windowss Sony PSPs Linux)
Eauch one of the protoucols use a speucial network ports in whiuch they must be allowed by
leaving them open in the sofware or hardware frewalls for the protoucols to funucton
ucorreuctly.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP also known as Transmission ucontrol protoucol/ Internet protoucol is a simple
language/protoucol for the internet. Itts also able to be used as protoucol ucommuniucaton for
private networks. hen a ucomputer has aucucess to the internets the ucomputer has a ucopy of
the TCP/IP programs and also other ucomputers that you send or get informaton has a ucopy
of the TCP/IP
Network protocol example – SNMPv3
SNMPs also known as simple network management protoucol is a protoucol whiuch
performs network management by observing deviuces for adverse uconditons that
require administratve atenton. .eviuce examples that support SNMP: Servers and
workstatonss network deviucess networked deviucess UPS. SNMP works by server-based
managing and fnds out how it performing. The manager proucess then reports the data
and statstucs to the network manager. SMNP allows network managers to ucheuck
network performanuce to resolve and fx network problem.
POP
POP is short for post ofuce protoucols a protoucol used to reuceive email from a mail
server. Many email appliucatonss use pop protoucol. Some use the new version whiuch is
Internet message aucucess protoucol.
Network protocol example – ICMP
ICMP known as internet ucontrol message protoucol is used to help operatng systems
and support teuchniucians to disucover issues when IP data transmissions are oucucurring.
The ucommon and manual use of ICMP is ‘pingt whiuch uses eucho request to test the
uconneuctvity between the two IP address deviuces by forwarding and analysing the data.
DHCP
, .HCP also known as dynamiuc host uconfguraton protoucol is a network ` protoucol that
enables a server to automatucally give an ip address to a ucomputer from a range of
numbers (whiuch is also known as a sucope) uconfguraton for a speucifuc network.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a method of exuchanging data wirelessly from a short distanuce. Bluetooth
uses radio frequenucy to transmit data. The deviuce then ucreates a short range network.
Bluetooth ucan be used to transfer fless for example sending photos from a mobile
phone to a ucomputer without requiring any ucables.
SSL
SSL known as seucure soucket layer is a transparent protoucol whiuch needs low amount of
interaucton from the end users when using a seucure session. For example when a user is
using SSL the browser displays a padlouck. The padlouck represents that the browser
uconneucton to the server is now seucure. SSL is ucommonly used when making online
ucredit ucard transauctons.
Network layouts
Loucal area networks ucome in diferent shapes and diferent sizess they ucommonly use
have alike teuchnology and ucomponents. The most ucommonly used type is LANs this is
based on Ethernet teuchnologys as originally devised by digitals and Intels whiuch was
released in 1980 and is stll used.
Network layouts example – topologies
A ucomputer network topology is the physiucal ucommuniucaton layout used by uconneucted
deviuces. These pages show the ucommon ucomputer network topologies inucluding buss
ring and star topology diagrams. More ucomplex networks ucan be built as hybrids of
two or more of these basiuc topologies.
Ring,
Is a ucomputer network managed where the deviuce is uconneucted to eauch network in a
ucirucular shape. Eauch paucket is sent around the ring untl it reauches the last destnaton.
The ring topology was usually used in suchoolss and small buildings where the network is
small.
Linear
A linear topology usually has a main ucable with a terminator at eauch ends in whiuch the
linear ucable is plugged into a node (suuch as a work staton.)
Mesh
A mesh network topology has a deucentralized design whiuch eauch node on a network is
uconneucted to a minimum of another two nodes.
Star topologies
