Moral Evil = acts committed by human beings (e.g. murder/rape) Facts Eschatological verification = A
statement that can be verified after death,
Natural Evil = suffering caused by nature (e.g. disease/ starvation/ NE 1)Natural disasters kill on average 45,000 or at the end of time
storm) per year
2)Almost 7 million people have died from John Hick agrees with Ayer and Flew that
Suffering = mental/ physical hardship brought about by moral or COVID “God exists” is not empirically verifiable in
natural evil this life.
ME 1) Around 70 million killed during WW2 2)
The Fall = moment in Genesis when Adam and Eve eat from the 1in 4 women have been raped or sexually
tree of knowledge and sin enters the world assaulted 3) over 400,000 people die from
Dostoyevsky The Brothers Karamazov
homicide per year)
Original Sin = St Augustine doctrine that as a result of The Fall all
The suffering of innocent children is too high a
humans are born innately sinful with the tendency to sin
price to pay for the gift of freedom - he would like
Theodicy = philosophical defence of God’s goodness/ power/
Problem of Evil God to take back our free will
existence in face of reality of evil
He highlights 6 evil acts committed against
Natural Evil children e.g…
Epistemic Distance = distance of knowledge → universe works in
such a way that humans cannot know from it that there is a God
Plantinga - “God allow natural evil A servant boy was playing with the masters
to enter the world as part of Adam hunting dogs (one breaks its leg making it
Universalism = belief that ultimately all humans will be saved and
and Eve’s punishment for their sin” useless)
enjoy eternity with God (no matter what pain endured)
- As punishment even though the little boy
However, natural disasters are not did not break it, the master let him free
Causal Determinism = idea that every event is caused by
caused by human beings, cannot in a field and made the other dogs chase
preceding events and conditions and by the laws of nature → no
be held morally responsible after him and they mauled him
free will
Plantinga and Augustine take no all-powerful and good Creator would allow
Process Theology = rejection of traditional belief that God created
Genesis literally and for many unnecessary suffering in the world; therefore,
the universe out of nothing → universe is uncreated and eternal
theists Genesis is seen as literally/ because unnecessary suffering does exist
as is God (they exist together)
historically true → dependency of (natural disasters, disease, murder, etc.), that
→ universe is in God and God is in the universe
this story being true weakens the Creator cannot exist.
argument
Soul - Making theodicy = belief that the world is a ‘vale of soul
If God is perfectly good, then God would seek to
making → evil and suffering is required to enable spiritual growth
abolish all evil
(therefore salvation)
statement that can be verified after death,
Natural Evil = suffering caused by nature (e.g. disease/ starvation/ NE 1)Natural disasters kill on average 45,000 or at the end of time
storm) per year
2)Almost 7 million people have died from John Hick agrees with Ayer and Flew that
Suffering = mental/ physical hardship brought about by moral or COVID “God exists” is not empirically verifiable in
natural evil this life.
ME 1) Around 70 million killed during WW2 2)
The Fall = moment in Genesis when Adam and Eve eat from the 1in 4 women have been raped or sexually
tree of knowledge and sin enters the world assaulted 3) over 400,000 people die from
Dostoyevsky The Brothers Karamazov
homicide per year)
Original Sin = St Augustine doctrine that as a result of The Fall all
The suffering of innocent children is too high a
humans are born innately sinful with the tendency to sin
price to pay for the gift of freedom - he would like
Theodicy = philosophical defence of God’s goodness/ power/
Problem of Evil God to take back our free will
existence in face of reality of evil
He highlights 6 evil acts committed against
Natural Evil children e.g…
Epistemic Distance = distance of knowledge → universe works in
such a way that humans cannot know from it that there is a God
Plantinga - “God allow natural evil A servant boy was playing with the masters
to enter the world as part of Adam hunting dogs (one breaks its leg making it
Universalism = belief that ultimately all humans will be saved and
and Eve’s punishment for their sin” useless)
enjoy eternity with God (no matter what pain endured)
- As punishment even though the little boy
However, natural disasters are not did not break it, the master let him free
Causal Determinism = idea that every event is caused by
caused by human beings, cannot in a field and made the other dogs chase
preceding events and conditions and by the laws of nature → no
be held morally responsible after him and they mauled him
free will
Plantinga and Augustine take no all-powerful and good Creator would allow
Process Theology = rejection of traditional belief that God created
Genesis literally and for many unnecessary suffering in the world; therefore,
the universe out of nothing → universe is uncreated and eternal
theists Genesis is seen as literally/ because unnecessary suffering does exist
as is God (they exist together)
historically true → dependency of (natural disasters, disease, murder, etc.), that
→ universe is in God and God is in the universe
this story being true weakens the Creator cannot exist.
argument
Soul - Making theodicy = belief that the world is a ‘vale of soul
If God is perfectly good, then God would seek to
making → evil and suffering is required to enable spiritual growth
abolish all evil
(therefore salvation)
