USA BRITAIN SOVIET CZECHOSLOVAKIA
UNION
TRUMAN CHURCHILL STALIN (to 1953)
(1945-1953) (1940-1945)
EISENHOWER ATTLEE KHRUSHCHEV NOVOTNY
(1953-1961) (1945-1951) (1955-1964) (1953-1968)
KENNEDY CHURCHILL —————————
(1961-1963) (1951-1955) —————————
JOHNSON The others are BREZHNEV DUBCEK
(1963-1969) irrelevant (1964-1982) (1968-1969)
NIXON ————————— ————————— HUSAK
(1969-1974) ————————— ————————— (1969…)
YEAR (1940s) KEY WORDS, PURPOSE, EFFECT
NOV. 1943 - Iran,
- USA and Britain to open 2nd front in West Europe. - To ease
TEHRAN pressure on Soviets.
(Churchill, Stalin - Stalin to help in USA’s war against JAPAN
Roosevelt) - Poland gets land from Germany after WW2
- Soviets keep Polish land seized in 1939
- UN to be set up to settle disputes diplomatically (not war)
1945 - Split Germany into 4 zones
- $20 billion reparations for Germany ( Half given to Soviet Union)
Feb = Yalta - 1st UN meeting 25th April 1945
(Churchill, Stalin - Poland returned to position in 1921 (beneficial for Soviet Union)
Roosevelt) - Free elections in E. Europe.
- ——————————————————————————————
July = - Stalin rejected free elections (made Poland communist)
Potsdam - German boundaries set
(Attlee, Stalin, - Amount of reparations: West disagreed with Soviets’ demand for
Truman) heavy post-war Germany reparations.
, - Churchill not Prime Minister.
1946
- Soviet Union was a threat to freedom and world peace.
March = Iron - Unofficial declaration of war
- Stalin thought this speech reflected US views.
Curtain - —————————————————————————————————
(Churchill, gym in - Kennan = USA ambassador in Moscow.
Missouri) - Stalin wanted to destroy Capitalism. Thought non-Soviet Union countries
wanted to destroy Communism
Long (George - If Soviet Union was faced with strong resistance, it would soften its
position.
Kennan) +
- USA determined policy if containment (stop spread of communism).
Novikov - —————————————————————————————————
- Soviet ambassador to the USA's response to the Long telegram.
telegrams
- USA - world domination
- Soviet Union needed E. European countries as a buffer zone.
1947 - Truman delivered a speech in 1947
- USA would assist nations fighting Communism
Truman - USA to provide $400 million to Greece and Turkey
Doctrine - Said communism shouldn’t be allowed to spread and democracy
was better.
- ——————————————————————————————
COMINFORM - 22nd September
- Stalin controlled satellite state governments.
- Spread propaganda
- Said America was the same as Nazi Germany.
- Stalin thought the USA suggested it was its job to protect the world
with Marshall Aid.
- Economic means of containment
1948
- New west Germany currency. (Deutschmark)
Marshall - $13.7 billion to: Austria, Belgium, West Germany, Turkey, France Greece,
Britain etc…
Plan(Aid) - Soviets called it “Dollar imperialism”
- Western European countries support USA
- Divided Europe
Berlin - —————————————————————————————————
- Stalin wanted to remove Western influences from East Berlin
Blockade
- Shut off land routes across Soviet Germany to Berlin
(June) - Showing the west that divided Germany wouldn’t work.
- Direct challenge to Truman
- Propaganda - Berlin would run out of food
- caused BERLIN AIRLIFT:
- West flew food, coal etc… into Berlin - new airport at Tegel for planes.
- 1,000 tonnes of supplies per day
UNION
TRUMAN CHURCHILL STALIN (to 1953)
(1945-1953) (1940-1945)
EISENHOWER ATTLEE KHRUSHCHEV NOVOTNY
(1953-1961) (1945-1951) (1955-1964) (1953-1968)
KENNEDY CHURCHILL —————————
(1961-1963) (1951-1955) —————————
JOHNSON The others are BREZHNEV DUBCEK
(1963-1969) irrelevant (1964-1982) (1968-1969)
NIXON ————————— ————————— HUSAK
(1969-1974) ————————— ————————— (1969…)
YEAR (1940s) KEY WORDS, PURPOSE, EFFECT
NOV. 1943 - Iran,
- USA and Britain to open 2nd front in West Europe. - To ease
TEHRAN pressure on Soviets.
(Churchill, Stalin - Stalin to help in USA’s war against JAPAN
Roosevelt) - Poland gets land from Germany after WW2
- Soviets keep Polish land seized in 1939
- UN to be set up to settle disputes diplomatically (not war)
1945 - Split Germany into 4 zones
- $20 billion reparations for Germany ( Half given to Soviet Union)
Feb = Yalta - 1st UN meeting 25th April 1945
(Churchill, Stalin - Poland returned to position in 1921 (beneficial for Soviet Union)
Roosevelt) - Free elections in E. Europe.
- ——————————————————————————————
July = - Stalin rejected free elections (made Poland communist)
Potsdam - German boundaries set
(Attlee, Stalin, - Amount of reparations: West disagreed with Soviets’ demand for
Truman) heavy post-war Germany reparations.
, - Churchill not Prime Minister.
1946
- Soviet Union was a threat to freedom and world peace.
March = Iron - Unofficial declaration of war
- Stalin thought this speech reflected US views.
Curtain - —————————————————————————————————
(Churchill, gym in - Kennan = USA ambassador in Moscow.
Missouri) - Stalin wanted to destroy Capitalism. Thought non-Soviet Union countries
wanted to destroy Communism
Long (George - If Soviet Union was faced with strong resistance, it would soften its
position.
Kennan) +
- USA determined policy if containment (stop spread of communism).
Novikov - —————————————————————————————————
- Soviet ambassador to the USA's response to the Long telegram.
telegrams
- USA - world domination
- Soviet Union needed E. European countries as a buffer zone.
1947 - Truman delivered a speech in 1947
- USA would assist nations fighting Communism
Truman - USA to provide $400 million to Greece and Turkey
Doctrine - Said communism shouldn’t be allowed to spread and democracy
was better.
- ——————————————————————————————
COMINFORM - 22nd September
- Stalin controlled satellite state governments.
- Spread propaganda
- Said America was the same as Nazi Germany.
- Stalin thought the USA suggested it was its job to protect the world
with Marshall Aid.
- Economic means of containment
1948
- New west Germany currency. (Deutschmark)
Marshall - $13.7 billion to: Austria, Belgium, West Germany, Turkey, France Greece,
Britain etc…
Plan(Aid) - Soviets called it “Dollar imperialism”
- Western European countries support USA
- Divided Europe
Berlin - —————————————————————————————————
- Stalin wanted to remove Western influences from East Berlin
Blockade
- Shut off land routes across Soviet Germany to Berlin
(June) - Showing the west that divided Germany wouldn’t work.
- Direct challenge to Truman
- Propaganda - Berlin would run out of food
- caused BERLIN AIRLIFT:
- West flew food, coal etc… into Berlin - new airport at Tegel for planes.
- 1,000 tonnes of supplies per day
