VTNE Secrets Study Guide Questions 1 - 70 (2023)

VTNE Secrets Study Guide Questions 1 - 70 (2023) Which of the following pieces of information is NOT required on a prescription label? a. date of the prescription b. age of the patient c. name of the prescriber d. address of the dispensing pharmacy - ANS-B: Age of the patient Fluoroquinolones should not be used in: a. young animals because they cause arthropathy b. growing animals because they can cause heart conduction disturbance. c. pregnant animals because they can cause abortion d. older animals because they cause arthropathy - ANS-A: young animals because they cause arthropathy *Fluoroquinolones are toxic to chondrocytes. Damaged chondrocytes for vesicles on articular surfaces. Higher doses of fluoroquinolones are more likely to cause articular damage. Affected animals become lame.* Which of the following is the most nephrotoxic aminoglycoside? a. Streptomycin b. Amikacin c. Tobramycin d. Neomycin - ANS-D: neomycin *The significant adverse effect of aminoglycosides include nephrotoxicosis, ototoxicosis, and vestibulotoxicosis. Nephrotoxicosis risk increases with frequent and extended administration of aminoglycosides, particularly when tough concentrations are persistently elevated. Articles in the veterinary literature indicate that neomycin is the most nephrotoxic of the group.* Which class of drugs is NOT a good choice to treat an infection by a gram-positive anaerobe? a. Tetracycline b. Macrolides c. Aminoglycosides d. Beta-lactams - ANS-C: aminoglycosides *Beta-lactams and macroslides are reliably useful against gram-positive anaerobes. Aminoglycosides are not clinically useful in fighting gram-positive anaerobes.* When a cat is in compensatory shock the cat should receive isotonic replacement crystalloid fluids intravenously at a rate of: a. 60 mL/kg/L b. 90 mL/kg/L c. 30 mL/kg/L d. 45 mL/kg/L - ANS-A: 60 mL/kg/L *In compensatory shock, or early decompensatory shock, cats should be treated with 60 mL/kg/hr of isotonic crystalloid replacement fluids. Dogs are treated at the rate of 90 mL/kg/hr.* *When replacement crystalloids with synthetic colloids are used, the rate to treat a cat in compensatory or decompensatory shock decreased to 24 - 36 mL/kg/hr.* If a patient presented with dry and retracted eyes, dry mucous membranes, weak and rapid pulses, and a significant loss of skin turgor, at what percentage of interstitial dehydration would you estimate the patient to be? a. more than 11% b. 8% - 10% c. 4% - 5% d. 0% - 3% - ANS-B: 8% - 10% To create a 5% dextrose solution in a 500mL bag of 0.45% NaCl, how many mL of a 50% dextrose solution must be added? (Assume that a corresponding amount of NaCl solution will be removed prior to the dextrose being added). A. 5 mL B. 25 mL C. 50 mL D. 100 mL - ANS-C: 50 mL *Each mL of 50% dextrose contains 0.5 g of dextrose. A 5% solution contains NaCl will contain 50 g of dextrose per liter, or 25 g per half liter. If each mL of 50% of dextrose contains 0.5 g, 50 mL of the 50% dextrose will be needed to bring the 500 mL bag of 0.45% NaCl to a 5% dextrose solution. 50 mL of NaCl should not be removed from the bag before the corresponding amount of dextrose is added.* Hydromorphone, Fentanyl, and Pentobarbital are classified by Drug Enforcement Administration (DFA) regulations as belonging to which of the following? a. Schedule I b. Schedule II c. Schedule III d. Schedule IV - ANS-B: Schedule II *CII substances have a high potential for abuse and include Morphine and other narcotics, including hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, oxycodone, and fentanyl, that may lead to severe psychological or physical dependency. CII controlled substances include stimulants as well as cocaine, amobarbital, glutethimide and pentobarbital.* *CIII controlled substances have less potential for abuse. CIII also includes some narcotic combination products with a defined, limited dose of narcotic. CIV controlled substances have an even lower potential of abuse that CIII substances have.* ***CI controlled substances have a high potential for abuse with no accepted medical use.*** Which of the following statements is/are true about the inventory of controlled substances? a. a new inventory of controlled substances on hand must be taken at least every 2 years. b. an inventory must include the number of commercial containers of each finished form. c. an inventory must include the date the inventory was conducted. d. all of the above - ANS-D: all of the above *According to the DEA, and inventory of controlled substances must: ! - Be a complete and accurate record of controlled substances on hand. - Include the date the inventory is conducted. - Be in written, typewritten or printed form. - Be conducted at least every 2 years following an initial inventory. - Be maintained at the registered location for at least 2 years past the date of the inventory. - Include when the inventory was taken (open or closed business). - Include the names of controlled substances. - Include each finished form of the controlled substances (Inj., liquid, powder, tablet and dose and concentration). - Include the number of dosage units each finished form in the commercial container (for instance, 50 tablet bottle, 10 mL vial). - Include the number of commercial containers of each finished form (i.e. five 10 mL vials). - Include the disposition of the controlled substances.* What is a reversed distributor? a. a supplier who resells returned merchandise. b. a supplier who resells returned pharmacy merchandise only. c. a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) registered pharmacist who is authorized to sell items from their inventory to practitioners. d. a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) registrant authorized to receive unusable or unwanted controlled substances. - ANS-D: a DEA registrant authorized to receive unusable or unwanted controlled substances...