Thinking questions:
1) Purpose of enzymes: basically a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.
2) Enzyme breaking down
a. Lipid - Lipase (Triglycerides > Free fatty acid)
b. Protein - protease (Proteins > amino acids)
c. Starch - Amylase (Starch > glucose/monosaccharide
3) Condition where these enzymes work: Specific conditions with specific pH e.g. ideal
amylase pH 7.0, specific small temp window, and in specific organs e.g. S.I.
4) Purpose HCl: HCl is needed for Pepsin with an ideal pH of around 2, same as HCl. HCl
also breaks food down and kills off bacteria. Mucus in the stomach is necessary due
to the fact that HCl is of a very low pH, basically a protective lining for the stomach.
How fats are digested: Fat digestion begins in the stomach where some can be directly
absorbed, most is absorbed in the S.I and bile is needed to digest fat. Bile is produced in
the gallbladder, liver and pancreatic juice is also needed to digest fat (using lipase). Bile
is necessary for emulsification which is basically the breakdown of larger molecules into
smaller ones. Pancreatic juice has enzymes called lipase that aid in the chemical
digestion of fats.
5) How is S.I adapted for absorption: Highly folded finger like projections (vili) to increase
surface area thus increasing absorption.
P120,121 diagram labeling:
1) Purpose of enzymes: basically a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.
2) Enzyme breaking down
a. Lipid - Lipase (Triglycerides > Free fatty acid)
b. Protein - protease (Proteins > amino acids)
c. Starch - Amylase (Starch > glucose/monosaccharide
3) Condition where these enzymes work: Specific conditions with specific pH e.g. ideal
amylase pH 7.0, specific small temp window, and in specific organs e.g. S.I.
4) Purpose HCl: HCl is needed for Pepsin with an ideal pH of around 2, same as HCl. HCl
also breaks food down and kills off bacteria. Mucus in the stomach is necessary due
to the fact that HCl is of a very low pH, basically a protective lining for the stomach.
How fats are digested: Fat digestion begins in the stomach where some can be directly
absorbed, most is absorbed in the S.I and bile is needed to digest fat. Bile is produced in
the gallbladder, liver and pancreatic juice is also needed to digest fat (using lipase). Bile
is necessary for emulsification which is basically the breakdown of larger molecules into
smaller ones. Pancreatic juice has enzymes called lipase that aid in the chemical
digestion of fats.
5) How is S.I adapted for absorption: Highly folded finger like projections (vili) to increase
surface area thus increasing absorption.
P120,121 diagram labeling:
