Freud:
o Psychoanalysis
Ppl are fundamentally conflicted
o 1856 – 1939
o Super Ego
Voice – what you should be doing
o ID
Voice – tells you what you want to do
o Ego
Pulled in both directions
o Teacher = agents of the super-ego
o Internalise things
o Repression
In order for society to function, super-ego needs to win
Necessary social construct
o Play is important
Freud & Melanie Klein
- Melanie Klein = 1919, using play as means of analysing children under 6 yrs old.
- Freud = utilised play as means to facilitate positive attachment
Way to express repressed trauma
o Susan Issacs = 1885 – 1948
Nursery school movement
Pioneered use of observation to discover how kids learn
Allowed kids to follow their curiosity (e.g. chemistry lab, woodworking area)
o Freud = Transference
Countertransference
Countertransference = “inappropriate repetition in present of relationship that was
important in a person’s childhood”
} reproduction of emotions relating to repressed experiences.
Winnicott:
o 1896 – 1971
o Psychoanalyst & paediatrician
o Holding environment
o Transactional objects
o How symbols work in our emotional lives
o Forget symbols aren’t real as they’re engrained in us.
o babies learn to cope through play
In womb = every need met, world is static/consistent/centred on ‘me’
When born = needs met as best as poss., world is
variable/changing/erratic/inconsistent/centred on others & ‘me’
Baby play starts = playing with fingers & toes
o Pretend play = liminal
PROBLEMS:
Erikson: