Adaption and change; Merton focuses on utilitarian crime (theft and fraud),
For change to occur, individuals with new Anomie: when people experience inequality and ignoring assault and vandalism with have no economic
barrier to there life chances
ideas must challenge existing norms and at As a result turn to crime and motive
€
first will appear deviant. If this is suppressed, - deviance in order to gain what
t.itD.
society will be unable to make necessary they have been prevented from Cohen argues that certain groups in society
adaptive changes experience more 'frustration' over there lack of
I Safety valve;
Davis argues that prostitution acts to release
achieving
status compared to others, he focuses on how w/
Functions of crime mens sexual frustrations without threatening the youth and denied status in society
i. nuclear family
Boundary maintenance; .
Atrophy: Erosion of societies norms and Status frustration
Crime produces a reaction from society, uniting its values, breaks down social solidarity and '
members against the wrong- doer and reinforcing weakens value consensus These groups develop there own set of values that tend to be
there commitment to the value direct opposition to the main stream consensus (which has
I
denied them status) fuelled by the want of revenge on society
- functionalists see deviance as distrusting social
stability, they also regard it as inevitable and even
He highlights that in a class based society, beneficial Merton agrees= working class phenomenon
some people are still able to achieve more - interested in the causes of deviance such as Merton disagrees= sees deviance as individual response
than others
i.
blocked opportunities to achieve ignoring deviance committed by groups
Durkheim
This is still useful as all society's roles get
filled up and role allocation based on
Functionalism and Hirshi's social bond theory (control theory)
Shares a similar view to Durkheim that social order is
meritocracy is the fairest system Crime and deviance based on shared values and socialisation
1.Crime 1
/
will always occur because meritocracy
Conformity The individual continues to strive to reach their
.
creates differences and inequality between
individuals goals despite limited chances of success Hirshi asks what drives people to
' commit crime, Hirshi asks why most
Innovation The individual accepts the goals of society but
t
Crime is inevitable and universal people do not commit crime
uses alternative methods to achieve them
Ritualism The means that are used by the individuals but
the actual goal is lost
Hirshi identifies 4 social bonds which
Society puts pressure on people (within its Retreatism The individual rejects both the goals and means pull people away from crime and
± 1
value consensus) to achieve Rebellion Individuals who reject both the goals and means persuade them to conform:
t
and substitute different ones t
f
15
Durkheim sees anomie as being a Strain theory Belief Commitment
1 temporary result of social upheaval
Evaluation: Commitment Involvement
Merton sees anomie as a much more permanent Explains why w/c crime may be higher
Explains how individuals react to social strain
feature of (American) society
To deterministic- not all w/c individual as resort to crime
Takes on individualistic approach, ignoring group crime
However when people cannot access the institutionalised means and
cultural goals of their society, they experience anomie, which in turn Other functions of crime: Brings people together
leads to strain Releases frustration
If we are able to use our institutionalised means, and thus
↳
achieve all of our desired cultural goals, we can conform to our
society values consensus and get along happily and functionally
Changes/ adaption
Creates jobs
For change to occur, individuals with new Anomie: when people experience inequality and ignoring assault and vandalism with have no economic
barrier to there life chances
ideas must challenge existing norms and at As a result turn to crime and motive
€
first will appear deviant. If this is suppressed, - deviance in order to gain what
t.itD.
society will be unable to make necessary they have been prevented from Cohen argues that certain groups in society
adaptive changes experience more 'frustration' over there lack of
I Safety valve;
Davis argues that prostitution acts to release
achieving
status compared to others, he focuses on how w/
Functions of crime mens sexual frustrations without threatening the youth and denied status in society
i. nuclear family
Boundary maintenance; .
Atrophy: Erosion of societies norms and Status frustration
Crime produces a reaction from society, uniting its values, breaks down social solidarity and '
members against the wrong- doer and reinforcing weakens value consensus These groups develop there own set of values that tend to be
there commitment to the value direct opposition to the main stream consensus (which has
I
denied them status) fuelled by the want of revenge on society
- functionalists see deviance as distrusting social
stability, they also regard it as inevitable and even
He highlights that in a class based society, beneficial Merton agrees= working class phenomenon
some people are still able to achieve more - interested in the causes of deviance such as Merton disagrees= sees deviance as individual response
than others
i.
blocked opportunities to achieve ignoring deviance committed by groups
Durkheim
This is still useful as all society's roles get
filled up and role allocation based on
Functionalism and Hirshi's social bond theory (control theory)
Shares a similar view to Durkheim that social order is
meritocracy is the fairest system Crime and deviance based on shared values and socialisation
1.Crime 1
/
will always occur because meritocracy
Conformity The individual continues to strive to reach their
.
creates differences and inequality between
individuals goals despite limited chances of success Hirshi asks what drives people to
' commit crime, Hirshi asks why most
Innovation The individual accepts the goals of society but
t
Crime is inevitable and universal people do not commit crime
uses alternative methods to achieve them
Ritualism The means that are used by the individuals but
the actual goal is lost
Hirshi identifies 4 social bonds which
Society puts pressure on people (within its Retreatism The individual rejects both the goals and means pull people away from crime and
± 1
value consensus) to achieve Rebellion Individuals who reject both the goals and means persuade them to conform:
t
and substitute different ones t
f
15
Durkheim sees anomie as being a Strain theory Belief Commitment
1 temporary result of social upheaval
Evaluation: Commitment Involvement
Merton sees anomie as a much more permanent Explains why w/c crime may be higher
Explains how individuals react to social strain
feature of (American) society
To deterministic- not all w/c individual as resort to crime
Takes on individualistic approach, ignoring group crime
However when people cannot access the institutionalised means and
cultural goals of their society, they experience anomie, which in turn Other functions of crime: Brings people together
leads to strain Releases frustration
If we are able to use our institutionalised means, and thus
↳
achieve all of our desired cultural goals, we can conform to our
society values consensus and get along happily and functionally
Changes/ adaption
Creates jobs
