AQA AS HISTORY The making of a Superpower: USA, 1865–1975 Component 1K From Civil War to World War, 1865–1920 FINAL MAY 2023

AQA AS HISTORY The making of a Superpower: USA, 1865–1975 Component 1K From Civil War to World War, 1865–1920 Wednesday 17 May 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7041/1K. • Answer two questions. In Section A answer Question 01. In Section B answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Information • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • The maximum mark for this paper is 50. • You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice • You are advised to spend about: – 50 minutes on Section A – 40 minutes on Section B. Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A From the turn of the century up to 1920, Americans of all backgrounds struggled with the idea of ‘progress’. Middle and upper-class activists throughout the nation called themselves Progressives. They sought to strengthen the moral fibre of American society. And yet, African-Americans saw little progress. For all their fine words about political virtue, the Progressives mostly ignored the ugly legacies of slavery and many black people were left to work out their own solutions to the difficulties they faced. Progressives often failed to see that what was good for one group of people might be bad for another. Overall, the Progressive movement was divided about what constituted progress and the methods of obtaining it. Adapted from Hoffman and Gjerde, Major Problems in American History, 2002 5 Extract B By the end of the nineteenth century, many Americans had become convinced that the rapid changes in society had created unbearable problems. Out of that concern emerged a broad effort to impose order and justice, the Progressive movement. Due to the movement’s great diversity, Progressivism created a remarkable period of political and social innovation. From 1900 to the end of the First World War, the movement tackled a range of issues from women’s suffrage to racial equality. And the federal government itself became a powerful force of progressive reform. Yet, ultimately, it was the Presidency that became the most important vehicle of national reform. Adapted from A Brinkley, American History, 2009 5 0 1 With reference to these extracts and your understanding of the historical context, which of these two extracts provides the more convincing interpretation of Progressivism? [25 marks] Section B Answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Either 0 2 ‘Between 1868 and 1888, US presidents dealt effectively with corruption.’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. [25 marks]