3-11 BIOL0GICAL MOL&CULLS
In carbohydrates, the basic monomeu unt s a sa ccharide (suaa)
monosoacchande ’ disa cchande polysuchande
monosacchandes have lhe yeneral formula HO H
of (cH, 0)n where is a nunber tom
3-7. B qlucos e
Examples of monosacchaides are HO OH
glucose, qalactose and fructose.
Disaccharides
Maltose - qlucose wnd glucose
Sucrose qlucose and fructose
Lactose qlucose and qoalactose
condensation
Ho
hydeclyss + Hy0!
Test tor reducing Sugacs
Al monosacchandes and some disachandesLileemaltos are reducing sugas
0 Add 2m ot fuod sample to kest tube
O Add equcl amount of Benedicts ceaqeat
9 Heat mixtue n water bath for fue minutes
Benedicts test is sem auantatie - can be used to estmate the anoLnt
of recueung suga sample blue is none, yelow S lauw and
brick ed colou means the concentrutin s high
Test tor non reduang sugars
Sucrose is a non- edung sugar lo dectect them, they nust be
hydrolysed into monosacchacide component
0 Test for reduung sugar. test wid be negative (stays blue)
O Add 2Lm? of focd semple cnd 2en3 Hcl to test tubc and heat
S Add sodum hydrogenarbonate soluton ta neutralise Hcl
Add 2cm? of Benedicts ceaaent cnd heatn genty bciling wate bath
9 Oronqe brown colou chows reducing sugac nere pcoduced fco
hydralyss of non- reduung sugas
, POLYSACOARIDAS
Starch
made up of chains ot o qlucose Lnked by glycosidi bond,
a
storaqe carbohydrale n plant cele
wound nto a trqut coil so its ompact
insoluble so doesn't affet wate potental
Glucoae
chans of qlucose and highly branched
a storaqe cabohydate ln amals
ns oluble and compact
hiahly braached so more cads so more rapidy broken dawn
torms qlucose used in respiration animals have high metabole rate
Cellulose
straght, uabranched chans of ß qlucose Cun parallel
- Hydrogn honds forms ross-Linkages between chans
celalose nmolecules torn strony nicrof1brls ad then fibres
In carbohydrates, the basic monomeu unt s a sa ccharide (suaa)
monosoacchande ’ disa cchande polysuchande
monosacchandes have lhe yeneral formula HO H
of (cH, 0)n where is a nunber tom
3-7. B qlucos e
Examples of monosacchaides are HO OH
glucose, qalactose and fructose.
Disaccharides
Maltose - qlucose wnd glucose
Sucrose qlucose and fructose
Lactose qlucose and qoalactose
condensation
Ho
hydeclyss + Hy0!
Test tor reducing Sugacs
Al monosacchandes and some disachandesLileemaltos are reducing sugas
0 Add 2m ot fuod sample to kest tube
O Add equcl amount of Benedicts ceaqeat
9 Heat mixtue n water bath for fue minutes
Benedicts test is sem auantatie - can be used to estmate the anoLnt
of recueung suga sample blue is none, yelow S lauw and
brick ed colou means the concentrutin s high
Test tor non reduang sugars
Sucrose is a non- edung sugar lo dectect them, they nust be
hydrolysed into monosacchacide component
0 Test for reduung sugar. test wid be negative (stays blue)
O Add 2Lm? of focd semple cnd 2en3 Hcl to test tubc and heat
S Add sodum hydrogenarbonate soluton ta neutralise Hcl
Add 2cm? of Benedicts ceaaent cnd heatn genty bciling wate bath
9 Oronqe brown colou chows reducing sugac nere pcoduced fco
hydralyss of non- reduung sugas
, POLYSACOARIDAS
Starch
made up of chains ot o qlucose Lnked by glycosidi bond,
a
storaqe carbohydrale n plant cele
wound nto a trqut coil so its ompact
insoluble so doesn't affet wate potental
Glucoae
chans of qlucose and highly branched
a storaqe cabohydate ln amals
ns oluble and compact
hiahly braached so more cads so more rapidy broken dawn
torms qlucose used in respiration animals have high metabole rate
Cellulose
straght, uabranched chans of ß qlucose Cun parallel
- Hydrogn honds forms ross-Linkages between chans
celalose nmolecules torn strony nicrof1brls ad then fibres
