KI1.6: Development and governance are important in understanding disaster impact and
vulnerability and resilience
a. Inequality of access to education, housing, healthcare and income opportunities can
influence vulnerability and resilience
Education - Lack of awareness of risks of hazards
- Lack of planning for what to do in event of hazard
Income - Poorer quality buildings (unplanned housing)
- Less inclined to evacuate (don’t want to leave jobs)
- Less resources available to people and o Gov for response to quake
- Poorer forced to live in risky areas (e.g. Mount Merapi, 2010, farmers
returned to evacuation zone to feed their livestock
Healthcar - Low resilience and capacity to cope (higher death toll)
e - Linked to education (brain drains)
- Diseases spread more rapidly in aftermath
Housing - Unplanned housing is susceptible to collapse and will cause people to be
trapped as no evacuation roots
- HICs can afford quake proof infrastructure
- Richer people have better housing, but often in more at risk areas- e.g.
on coast (tsunami) or on steep slopes (landslides)- Hollywood hills
b. Governance (P: local and national government) and geographical factors (population
density, isolation/accessibility, degree of urbanisation) influence vulnerability and a
community’s resilience Many of the other factors
(e.g. housing, healthcare,
Governance - Lack of planning pop density, education) are
- Not stockpiling caused primarily by poor
- Slow response governance
- Slow aid- reliant on aid if no planning/stockpiling/
warning systems
- Warning systems
- Corruption may lead to lack of hazard investment
- Limited building regulations make buildings more unsafe
Population density - Building collapse can trap people
- Limited escape routes, increasing death toll
- Buildings more vulnerable to collapse
Isolation/accessibility - Aid may be unable to access if roads damaged. Also hard to
deliver if there are physical barriers (e.g. sea or mountains)
- Lack of awareness of situation if limited communications
- Lack of hazard detection
- Unable to send out message to evacuate
Urbanisation - If buildings aren’t aseismic, they’re vulnerable to collapse
c. Contrasting hazard events in developed, emerging and developing countries to show the
interaction of physical factors and the significance of context in influencing the scale of
disaster (5)
vulnerability and resilience
a. Inequality of access to education, housing, healthcare and income opportunities can
influence vulnerability and resilience
Education - Lack of awareness of risks of hazards
- Lack of planning for what to do in event of hazard
Income - Poorer quality buildings (unplanned housing)
- Less inclined to evacuate (don’t want to leave jobs)
- Less resources available to people and o Gov for response to quake
- Poorer forced to live in risky areas (e.g. Mount Merapi, 2010, farmers
returned to evacuation zone to feed their livestock
Healthcar - Low resilience and capacity to cope (higher death toll)
e - Linked to education (brain drains)
- Diseases spread more rapidly in aftermath
Housing - Unplanned housing is susceptible to collapse and will cause people to be
trapped as no evacuation roots
- HICs can afford quake proof infrastructure
- Richer people have better housing, but often in more at risk areas- e.g.
on coast (tsunami) or on steep slopes (landslides)- Hollywood hills
b. Governance (P: local and national government) and geographical factors (population
density, isolation/accessibility, degree of urbanisation) influence vulnerability and a
community’s resilience Many of the other factors
(e.g. housing, healthcare,
Governance - Lack of planning pop density, education) are
- Not stockpiling caused primarily by poor
- Slow response governance
- Slow aid- reliant on aid if no planning/stockpiling/
warning systems
- Warning systems
- Corruption may lead to lack of hazard investment
- Limited building regulations make buildings more unsafe
Population density - Building collapse can trap people
- Limited escape routes, increasing death toll
- Buildings more vulnerable to collapse
Isolation/accessibility - Aid may be unable to access if roads damaged. Also hard to
deliver if there are physical barriers (e.g. sea or mountains)
- Lack of awareness of situation if limited communications
- Lack of hazard detection
- Unable to send out message to evacuate
Urbanisation - If buildings aren’t aseismic, they’re vulnerable to collapse
c. Contrasting hazard events in developed, emerging and developing countries to show the
interaction of physical factors and the significance of context in influencing the scale of
disaster (5)
