NCC EFM Exam Breakdown & Study Guide Exam 2023 Questions and answers with complete solution graded A+ (Already passed)

-Physiology: 11% -Fetal assessment methods: 9% -EFM equipment: 5% -Professional issues: 5% Pattern recognition & intervention - CORRECT ANS -FHR baseline -FHR variability -FHR accelerations -FHR decelerations -Normal uterine activity -Abnormal uterine activity -Fetal dysrhythmias -Maternal complications -Uteroplacental complications -Fetal complications FHR Descriptors - CORRECT ANS 1) Baseline 2) Variability 3) Presence of accels 4) Presence of decels 5) Changes in trends overtime FHR Baseline - CORRECT ANS Average FHR rounded to nearest 5 during a 10 min window -110 to 160 -excludes accels, decels, & marked variability -must have 2 mins to identify as a baseline (doesn't need to be continuous) Fetal Bradycardia - CORRECT ANS 110 for ≥10 min -Causes: hypotension (ex: after epi), cord prolapse, head compression, congenital defect, rapid descent, abruption or rupture, tachysystole, post dates, hypoglycemia, lupus (heart block) -With ↓ O2, blood will be shunted to brain, heart, & adrenals, eventually ↓ FHR to ↓ O2 demands of heart muscle -Verify not mom's HR, vaginal exam (r/o prolapse), resuscitate, evaluate arrhythmia, expedite delivery Fetal Tachycardia - CORRECT ANS 160 for ≥10 min -Causes: fetal anemia, maternal fever or infection, fetal immaturity (preterm), SVT, maternal anxiety (catecholamines), dehydration, hyperthyroid, hypoxia -Med causes: terbutaline, catecholamines (epinephrine, norepi) -Assess mom's temp & infection risk (GBS, PROM) FHR Variability - CORRECT ANS Irregular in amplitude & frequency, quantified by peak to trough -Caused by sympathetic vs parasympathetic, r/t neuro maturity -Less in preterm due to undeveloped CNS