GENDER INTERNAL FACTORS
EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES POLICIES
Examples of policies that encourage girls to pursue
careers in non-traditional areas:
o GIST
o WISE
o Introduction of .......... removed .......
National curriculum in 1988
One source of gender inequality by
making girls and boys study mostly the
same subjects, which was often not the
case previously
What does Boaler see as a key reason for the
changes in girls' achievement?
o The impact of equal opportunities policies
o Many of the barriers have been removed and
schooling has become more meritocratic - so
, that girls, who generally work harder than
boys, achieve more
Evaluation
o Schemes to involve girls in some subjects have
not been fully successful e.g. the gender gap is
narrower in science and more boys achieved A
grades in GCSE maths in 2017
o Boys outperform girls in physics
POSITIVE ROLE MODELS IN SCHOOLS
Increase in the proportion of...
o Female teachers and heads
o These women in senior positions may act as
role models for girls, showing them women
can achieve positions of importance and giving
them non-traditional goals to aim for
o Women teachers are likely to be...
Particularly important role models as far
as girls' educational achievement is
concerned since, to become a teacher,
, the individual must undertake a lengthy
and successful education herself
Evaluation
o Male teachers are still more likely to become
heads of secondary schools
o Women made up 62% of the workforce and
just 38% of headteachers
o At primary level, women make up 85% of the
workforce compared with 73% of
headteachers
GCSE AND COURSEWORK
Gorard found that...
o The gender pay gap in achievement was fairly
constant from 1975 until 1989, when it
increased sharply
o This was the year in which GCSEs were
introduced, bringing with it coursework as a
major part of nearly all subjects
o Gorard concludes that...
EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES POLICIES
Examples of policies that encourage girls to pursue
careers in non-traditional areas:
o GIST
o WISE
o Introduction of .......... removed .......
National curriculum in 1988
One source of gender inequality by
making girls and boys study mostly the
same subjects, which was often not the
case previously
What does Boaler see as a key reason for the
changes in girls' achievement?
o The impact of equal opportunities policies
o Many of the barriers have been removed and
schooling has become more meritocratic - so
, that girls, who generally work harder than
boys, achieve more
Evaluation
o Schemes to involve girls in some subjects have
not been fully successful e.g. the gender gap is
narrower in science and more boys achieved A
grades in GCSE maths in 2017
o Boys outperform girls in physics
POSITIVE ROLE MODELS IN SCHOOLS
Increase in the proportion of...
o Female teachers and heads
o These women in senior positions may act as
role models for girls, showing them women
can achieve positions of importance and giving
them non-traditional goals to aim for
o Women teachers are likely to be...
Particularly important role models as far
as girls' educational achievement is
concerned since, to become a teacher,
, the individual must undertake a lengthy
and successful education herself
Evaluation
o Male teachers are still more likely to become
heads of secondary schools
o Women made up 62% of the workforce and
just 38% of headteachers
o At primary level, women make up 85% of the
workforce compared with 73% of
headteachers
GCSE AND COURSEWORK
Gorard found that...
o The gender pay gap in achievement was fairly
constant from 1975 until 1989, when it
increased sharply
o This was the year in which GCSEs were
introduced, bringing with it coursework as a
major part of nearly all subjects
o Gorard concludes that...
