Unit 4B Applied Science complete assignment

Unit 4B Applied Science complete
assignment

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Najah Bendriss BTEC Applied Science Chemistry Unit 4B


Unit 4B: Making a nail varnish remover.
P3:
Aim: To prepare an organic liquid.
Introduction: There are three main steps in the preparation of ethyl ethanoate, reaction,
separation and purification. During the reaction ethanol and ethanoic acid are mixed
together with sulphuric acid and are then boiled. During separation the mixture is distilled,
and sodium carbonate is added and then filtered out by use of a funnel. During purification
saturated calcium chloride is added to the ethyl ethanoate as well as a few lumps of solid
anhydrous calcium chloride, the liquid is then decanted into a clean round bottom flask.
Risk assessment:

RISK ASSESMENT FORM
Name of assessor: Henrietta Akinola

Activity: Preparation of ethyl ethanoate

Hazards:
Round bottomed flask, condenser, reflux water-condenser, beaker, funnel, hotplate,
ethanol, glacial ethanoic acid, concentrated sulphuric acid, sodium carbonate solution,
saturated calcium chloride, solid anhydrous calcium chloride.

Risks:
Risks of using glassware during experiments include possible breakages which could lead
to someone getting cut. The hotplate was a heavy piece of equipment and if dropped
could have caused injury. Ethanol is a highly flammable liquid and can cause skin
irritation. Glacial ethanoic acid is corrosive and highly flammable. Concentrated sulphuric
acid is corrosive and cause severe burns to eyes, skin, etc. Sodium carbonate solution
causes severe burns and eye damage. Calcium chloride if swallowed can cause burns in
the mouth and the throat, stomach pains, etc.

Training:
The organisation in charge trains our teachers to train us.

Those at risk:
The students and the teacher, as we were all in close contact with the hazards.

Control measures/ safety precaution:
We were all careful when handling the glassware and made sure that if anything was
broken, we cleared it up safely. We wore safety goggles to protect our eyes from the
hazardous substances and lab coats to protect from possible spillages of harmful
chemicals e.g. glacial ethanoic acid. When using the hotplate, we did not remove it from
the tables to avoid any risk of them being dropped. Instead of using a Bunsen burner we
used a hotplate to heat the mixtures this avoided any risk of explosion/fire from the
flammable substances e.g. ethanol.


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Najah Bendriss BTEC Applied Science Chemistry Unit 4B


Signature of assessor:



Apparatus:
 Ethanol
 Glacial ethanoic acid
 Round bottomed flask
 Anti-bumping granules
 Concentrated sulphuric acid
 Condenser
 Rubber tubing
 Reflux water-condenser
 Separating funnel
 Sodium carbonate solution
 Saturated calcium chloride
 Beaker
 Solid anhydrous calcium
chloride
 Flask
 0-100oC thermometer
 Hotplate
Method:
Reaction
1) I mixed 50cm3 of ethanol and 50cm3 of glacial ethanoic acid thoroughly in a 250cm3
round-bottomed flask.
2) I slowly added with cooling and shaking 10cm3
of concentrated sulphuric acid.
3) I ensured that the mixture was homogeneous,
then fitted the flask with a reflux water-
condenser and boiled the mixture gently for 30
minutes.
Separation of the product
4) I rearranged the position of the condenser for
distillation and distilled off about two-thirds of
the mixture.
5) I transferred the distillate to a separating
funnel and added about 25 cm3 of 30% sodium




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