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Summary A* GRADE AQA A-Level Chemistry: Organic - Carboxylic acids and derivatives (3.3.9)

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I achieved a high A* Grade in my final A-Level exams using these notes!!! I believe you can achieve an A* if you can memorise these notes! Simply use blurting, a method of active recall, to write everything you remember from the notes, then identify the parts you couldn’t remember, then repeat until you can remember it all! If you can do that, you’ve got an A* in the bag! They are clear, concise, and are laid out according to the specification; there is no information missing or in excess. Good Luck!!!

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Unit 3.3.9 - Carboxylic acids and derivatives








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AQA
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A Level Chemistry
Unit
Unit 3.3.9 - Carboxylic acids and derivatives
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1. Carboxylic acids: -COOH (-oic acid)
carboxyl functional group = carbonyl + hydroxyl

weak acids: partially dissociate into carboxylate- + H+ in water

carboxylic acid + carbonate CO32- = salt + CO2 + H2O

Esterification
carboxylic acid + alcohol + conc sulphuric acid catalyst + heat ⇌ ester + water




Esters: -COO-
1. alkyl group from alcohol
2. -oate


hydrolysis – reflux
acid: dilute H2SO4 catalyst + water ⇌ alcohol + carboxylic acid = reversible
alkaline: dilute NaOH → alcohol + Nacarboxylate = irreversible



uses
- perfume & food flavouring – sweet smell
- glue & printing ink solvents: polar (polar solutes) + low boiling point (evaporate easily)
- plasticisers: make plastics more flexible



fats & oils = esters: fatty acids (long-chain carboxylic acids) + glycerol
- Animal fats: solid at room temp – saturated (pack closely) = high VDW
- Vegetable oils: liquid at room temp – unsaturated (don’t pack closely) = weak VDW

NaOH alkaline hydrolysis = glycerol + soap (sodium salt of long-chain carboxylic acid)



biodiesel: mixture of methyl esters of fatty acids (long-chain carboxylic acids)
vegetable oil + methanol + KOH catalyst → glycerol + methyl ester

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