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Summary A22 Flashcards
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- CCEA
I have included all the definitions, equations and base line detail that you need to know for this course. This includes experiments but this will not be helpful for A23B.
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what is a field? a field or a force (of a field) is a region in which a force may
be experienced
what is a non contact force? a non contact force does not require the two objects
to be touching in order for the force to be created or experienced
what is a gravitational field? a region in which a mass will experience a
gravitational force
what is an electric field? a region in which a charge will experience an
electric force
what is a magnetic field? (EF+GF) a region in which a moving charge will
experience a force
what is gravitational field strength the force which would be produced on a
mass 1kg at that point
what is the symbol for gravitational field strength g
what is the equation to calculate g? g=F/m
what is newton's universal law of gravitation? it states that every body in the
universe attracts every other body. the force is directly prop to the product of
their masses and inversely prop to the square of their seperation
newton's second law equation "F=GMm/r<sup>2</sup><br><ul><li><span style=""font-
size: 16.6667px;"">G= gravitational constant
(6.67*10<sup>-11</sup>)/Nm<sup>2</sup>kg<sup>2</sup> </span></li><li><span
style=""font-size: 16.6667px;"">M; mass of central object/kg</span></li><li><span
style=""font-size: 16.6667px;"">m; mass of orbitting object/kg</span></li><li><span
style=""font-size: 16.6667px;"">r; distance between the central gravity of each
object/m</span></li></ul>"
equation of gravitational field strength g=GM/r<sup>2</sup>
what is a geostationary satellite? a satellite which has the same period as the
planet it orbits, it always stays at the same height above the equator and it
orbits in the same direction as the planet rotates<br><ul><li>time
period</li><li>same height</li><li>follow equator </li><li>same
direction</li></ul>
why do astronauts in the iss experience weightlessness? <ul><li>same centripetal
force</li><li>same centripetal acceleration</li><li>fall to earth at the same rate
+ compared to each other they look weightless</li></ul>
what is kepler's third law? the square of the period of revolution of the planets
about the sun is directly proportional to the cube of their mean distances from it
what is electric field strength? the force per unit charge at a point in the
field acting on a positive test charge
centripetal force = gravitational <ul><li>mrw<sup>2 </sup>=
GMm/r<sup>2</sup> </li><li>w<sup>2</sup> = GM/r<sup>3</sup></li><li>w=
2π/T<br></li><li>4π<sup>2</sup>/T<sup>2</sup> =
GM/r<sup>3</sup></li><li>T<sup>2</sup>/r<sup>3</sup>=4π<sup>2</sup>/GM<br></li></
ul>
electric field strength equation E=F/Q
what is electric field strength measured in? NC<sup>-1</sup>
electric field diagrams "<img src=""1200px-Electric_Field_Lines.svg-2.png"">"
two of the same charge (electric field diagrams) "<img
src=""electricfieldcombined2.png"">"
what is coulomb's law? that between every two point charges there is an electric
force which is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely
proportional to the square of their seperation
what is coulomb's law equations? + what is this an example of?? r= distance
between two charges(2m)<br>E0= permitivity of a vaccum<br>\[F=1/4πE0*
QQ/r^2\]**this is an example of inverse square laq
field strength due to point charges <ul><li>E=F/Q</li><li>E=1/4πE0 *
QQ/r<sup>2</sup>Q</li><li>E=1/4πE0 * Q/r<sup>2</sup></li></ul>
what are uniform electric fields? five parallel lines that are equally distant
uniform electric field equation E=V/d<br><ul><li>V; potential
, difference </li><li>E; electric field strength</li><li>d; distance in
plates</li></ul>
force of electric field strength equation \[F = QE\]\[F=QV/d\]<br>
graph for variation of electric field strength w/distance E and distance have a
horiztonal line<br><ul><li>only have electric field between plates</li><li>EF drops
to 0 outside the fields</li></ul>
comparing gravitational + electric fields <ul><li>shape of fields; g have radial, e
have radial/uniform</li><li>attractive/repulsive; g have attractive, e have
attractive/repulsive</li><li>field strength equ; g has g=F/m, g=Gm/r<sup>2</sup>, E
has F/Q, V/d, 1/4πE0*Q/r<sup>2</sup></li><li>force equations; g has
F=GMm/r<sup>2, </sup>E has 1/4πE0*QQ/r<sup>2</sup><br></li></ul>
one similarity + differences between forces (electric + gravity) similar; both obey
the inverse square law<br>differences; gravity=attractive,
electric=attractive+repulsive
what is thermonic emmisions? heated cathode gives sufficient energy for electrons
to escape their atoms
electron gun diagram "<img src=""Screenshot 2023-02-24 at 10.48.32.png"">"
electron gun explained <ul><li>when a large current is put through the coil,
the wire will heat up</li><li>electrins are released/leave due to the gain in KE
into an electric field between cathode + anode accelerating towards the POSITIVE
anode</li><li>V=W/Q</li><li>W=QV</li><li>1/2mv<sup>2</sup>=QV</li></ul>
demonstration of electron gun: maltease cross (diagram + explain) "<img
src=""paste-440be8acbf4494c108cd66ce624bc283b29d09b5.jpg""><br>the cross is
positive, so it will attract the electrons away from OG path creating a shadow on
the screen"
electron gun formula QV=1/2mv<sup>2</sup>
work formula (deflection) V=W/Q
graphs to demostrate deflection Loss of kinetic potential energy does not
depend on mass (straight horizontal)<br>V + Q curve upwards <br>V=√(2QV/m)
electric field + forces w/deflection **NOT EQUATION direction of force is
dependent upon polarity of charge + direction of electric field
deflection of charged particle (diagram + explain) "<img src=""Screenshot 2023-
02-24 at 10.57.07.png""><br><ul><li>experience a force towards one of plates,
causes bending</li></ul>"
motion stuff (deflection) <ul><li>horizontal; no forces, constant
v</li><li>vertical; uniform a from rest</li></ul>
motion example (deflection) <ul><li>distance between plates;
100mm</li><li>voltage between plates; 130V</li><li>length of plates;
150mm</li><li>calculate E
strength</li></ul><div><br></div><div><ul><li>E=V/d</li><li>=
130/100*10<sup>-3</sup></li><li>=1330Vm<sup>-1</sup><br></li></ul></div><div></div>
deflection in magnetic field diagram (circular m) <ul><li>movement of electrons
is opposite to direction of conventiional</li><li>everytime I changes, so does
force</li></ul>
equations for force (deflection)
<ul><li>F=BIL</li><li>Q=It</li><li>F=BQV</li><li>mv<sup>2</sup>/r =
BQv</li></ul>
key info about deflection <ul><li>if particle is parallel to magnetic field,
then no force </li></ul>
what is a fundamental particle? a particle with no internal structure and
therefore cannot be broken down into any further consitituents
how many families can they be broken down into (fundamentals) 3
what are the families that fundamentals can be broken down into? hadrons, leptons
and gauge bosons
what defines a hadron/properties? <ul><li>all hadrons experience the strong
(nuclear) force</li><li>all hadrons are made up of combination of
quarks </li></ul>
what is significent about hadrons? they can subdivide
what are the categories that hadrons can subdivide into?
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