THIRD EDITION
FIBER-
REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
Materials, Manufacturing,
and Design
ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
,ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
, THIRD EDITION
FIBER-
REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
Materials, Manufacturing,
and Design
P.K. Mallick
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Michigan-Dearborn
Dearborn, Michigan
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
,CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-4205-9 (Hardcover)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material
is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.
No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming,
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the
publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the
CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mallick, P.K., 1946-
Fiber-reinforced composites : materials, manufacturing, and design / P.K. Mallick.
-- 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8493-4205-9 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8493-4205-8 (alk. paper)
1. Fibrous composites. I. Title.
TA418.9.C6M28 2007
620.1’18--dc22 2007019619
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
, To
my parents
ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
,ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
, Contents
Preface to the Third Edition
Author
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Definition
1.2 General Characteristics
1.3 Applications
1.3.1 Aircraft and Military Applications
1.3.2 Space Applications
1.3.3 Automotive Applications
1.3.4 Sporting Goods Applications
1.3.5 Marine Applications
1.3.6 Infrastructure
1.4 Material Selection Process
References
Problems
Chapter 2 Materials
2.1 Fibers
2.1.1 Glass Fibers
2.1.2 Carbon Fibers
2.1.3 Aramid Fibers
2.1.4 Extended Chain Polyethylene Fibers
2.1.5 Natural Fibers
2.1.6 Boron Fibers
2.1.7 Ceramic Fibers
2.2 Matrix
2.2.1 Polymer Matrix
2.2.1.1 Thermoplastic and Thermoset Polymers
2.2.1.2 Unique Characteristics of Polymeric Solids
2.2.1.3 Creep and Stress Relaxation
2.2.1.4 Heat Deflection Temperature
2.2.1.5 Selection of Matrix: Thermosets
vs. Thermoplastics
ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
FIBER-
REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
Materials, Manufacturing,
and Design
ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
,ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
, THIRD EDITION
FIBER-
REINFORCED
COMPOSITES
Materials, Manufacturing,
and Design
P.K. Mallick
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Michigan-Dearborn
Dearborn, Michigan
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
,CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-4205-9 (Hardcover)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material
is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.
No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming,
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the
publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the
CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mallick, P.K., 1946-
Fiber-reinforced composites : materials, manufacturing, and design / P.K. Mallick.
-- 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8493-4205-9 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8493-4205-8 (alk. paper)
1. Fibrous composites. I. Title.
TA418.9.C6M28 2007
620.1’18--dc22 2007019619
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
, To
my parents
ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
,ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
, Contents
Preface to the Third Edition
Author
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Definition
1.2 General Characteristics
1.3 Applications
1.3.1 Aircraft and Military Applications
1.3.2 Space Applications
1.3.3 Automotive Applications
1.3.4 Sporting Goods Applications
1.3.5 Marine Applications
1.3.6 Infrastructure
1.4 Material Selection Process
References
Problems
Chapter 2 Materials
2.1 Fibers
2.1.1 Glass Fibers
2.1.2 Carbon Fibers
2.1.3 Aramid Fibers
2.1.4 Extended Chain Polyethylene Fibers
2.1.5 Natural Fibers
2.1.6 Boron Fibers
2.1.7 Ceramic Fibers
2.2 Matrix
2.2.1 Polymer Matrix
2.2.1.1 Thermoplastic and Thermoset Polymers
2.2.1.2 Unique Characteristics of Polymeric Solids
2.2.1.3 Creep and Stress Relaxation
2.2.1.4 Heat Deflection Temperature
2.2.1.5 Selection of Matrix: Thermosets
vs. Thermoplastics
ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
