TOPIC 14 – Organic Chemistry
· NAMING COMPOUNDS:
· STRUCTURES OF WELL-KNOWN COMPOUNDS:
· STRUCTURAL FORMULAE OF ESTERS:
, · FUELS:
Examples: coal, natural gas + petroleum.
Methane is the main constituent of natural gas.
Petroleum = a mixture of hydrocarbons.
· FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL:
· HOMOLOGOUS SERIES:
A ‘family’ of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence
of the same functional group.
The compounds in a homologous series have the same general formula.
· STRUCTURAL ISOMERSISM:
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
Due to the different arrangement of their atoms in space.
Two types – chain and position
Chain – structure of the carbon chain differs.
Position – the position of the functional group differs.
· ALKANES:
Hydrocarbon compounds with only single carbon bonds, there are no C=C bonds
Generally unreactive (except in terms of burning)
Substitution reaction:
· NAMING COMPOUNDS:
· STRUCTURES OF WELL-KNOWN COMPOUNDS:
· STRUCTURAL FORMULAE OF ESTERS:
, · FUELS:
Examples: coal, natural gas + petroleum.
Methane is the main constituent of natural gas.
Petroleum = a mixture of hydrocarbons.
· FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL:
· HOMOLOGOUS SERIES:
A ‘family’ of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence
of the same functional group.
The compounds in a homologous series have the same general formula.
· STRUCTURAL ISOMERSISM:
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
Due to the different arrangement of their atoms in space.
Two types – chain and position
Chain – structure of the carbon chain differs.
Position – the position of the functional group differs.
· ALKANES:
Hydrocarbon compounds with only single carbon bonds, there are no C=C bonds
Generally unreactive (except in terms of burning)
Substitution reaction:
