FRAMEWORKS
GRAPHOLOGY
Definition: The visual appearance of language.
Key features may include:
Nature of characteristics e.g. handwritten or printed, plain or ornamental, upper or lower case;
Font type;
Font style e.g. standard, emboldened, italic;
Font size;
The concept of grapheme;
Use of punctuation;
Organisation of text, e.g. headlines, columns, bullet points, numeration, borders, boxes, paragraph size, line spacing, use
of white space;
Other aspects: use of colour, logos, drawings, photographs, captions, diagrams;
PHONOLOGY
Definition: The sound of language
Key features may include:
Characteristics of normal spoken delivery, e.g. volume, stress, pitch, intonation (pitch pattern or melody), fillers;
Characteristics of rhetorical, literary or specialist use, e.g. rhyme, alliteration, onomatopoeia, rhythm;
Ellison;
Intrusion (extra sounds used to connect words in speech) e.g. the intrusive/ heard before ‘and’ inn ‘law and order’ and
before ‘of’ in ‘idea of it’;
Significant aspects of accent, indicated by means of deviant spelling;
The concept of the phoneme and its relation to the grapheme;
Phonetic aspects, e.g. place and manner of articulation, uses and advantages of IPA.
LEXIS
Definition: The words, phrases and idioms of language
Key features may include:
Choice of lexis, e.g jargon, dialect, slang, colloquialisms, taboo, clichés, euphemisms, archaisms (deliberate use of old-
fashioned terms), dysphemism’s;
Choices indicating factors such as levels of formality and education;
The concept of the lexeme;
Types of words use of reoccurring lexis from particular lexical fields;
Collocations, whether common (predictable) or uncommon (deviant);
Use of figurative language.
GRAPHOLOGY
Definition: The visual appearance of language.
Key features may include:
Nature of characteristics e.g. handwritten or printed, plain or ornamental, upper or lower case;
Font type;
Font style e.g. standard, emboldened, italic;
Font size;
The concept of grapheme;
Use of punctuation;
Organisation of text, e.g. headlines, columns, bullet points, numeration, borders, boxes, paragraph size, line spacing, use
of white space;
Other aspects: use of colour, logos, drawings, photographs, captions, diagrams;
PHONOLOGY
Definition: The sound of language
Key features may include:
Characteristics of normal spoken delivery, e.g. volume, stress, pitch, intonation (pitch pattern or melody), fillers;
Characteristics of rhetorical, literary or specialist use, e.g. rhyme, alliteration, onomatopoeia, rhythm;
Ellison;
Intrusion (extra sounds used to connect words in speech) e.g. the intrusive/ heard before ‘and’ inn ‘law and order’ and
before ‘of’ in ‘idea of it’;
Significant aspects of accent, indicated by means of deviant spelling;
The concept of the phoneme and its relation to the grapheme;
Phonetic aspects, e.g. place and manner of articulation, uses and advantages of IPA.
LEXIS
Definition: The words, phrases and idioms of language
Key features may include:
Choice of lexis, e.g jargon, dialect, slang, colloquialisms, taboo, clichés, euphemisms, archaisms (deliberate use of old-
fashioned terms), dysphemism’s;
Choices indicating factors such as levels of formality and education;
The concept of the lexeme;
Types of words use of reoccurring lexis from particular lexical fields;
Collocations, whether common (predictable) or uncommon (deviant);
Use of figurative language.
