Reforming _
platinum stuck
catalytic
an aluminium oxide
cracking
↑ catalyst
/ zeaite catalyst Polymerisation Addition
aromatic
* > polymers
( n tf zn ,W ↑ Biodegradable Polymers
→ starch
made from
[ C
,
Cn Hzn -12
-
. oil fractions
cracking -
650 C- -2 stereoisomerism '
£ ↓
→
Don't runait
neutral
Saturated
→ coz
n
silica / aluminium
trans Opposite sides →
=
save energy
Disposal
> side
→
burying
cis = same
oxidation
eg
→
.
< reuse
H
→
burned ( passed through
H →
decolorroises in bromine
µ , , hydrogenation water
awe S acidic
conditions
,
Diol scrubber to
making polymers sustainably
neutralise toxic gas)
H - C -
C -
C -
H (+1-12) nickel -
( KMnO¢ )
eg .
H H
→
→
reactant molecules
renewable raw
that are
materials
safe
1 I
Catalyst / 50°
→
1 >
,
I energy use kept to min
H H H
,
Purple →
colourless
⇐ A) * nones H -
C -
C -
H
I 1
halogenation OH OH
halogenation
> n Tests
using ou elimination
radicals halides halogenation (dehydration, -
Acidified
light halogens potassium
Chomdytic @ A) conc .
fission) elimination dichromate
is ☆ phosphoric
÷
ethanol KOH
acid dichromate
" Orange
" " ""
Aldehyde
""
"° "
(1-131004) cul )
green
→
tertiary secondary primary
R
alkane phosphoric lower BP than alcohol
I
Y H
KOH + Pc 's -0134++14-1 acid
:
.
chromium (1/1)
hydration
R R
d- mechanism must be
immediately
-
Poos
-
R -
c - +, R +, removed
+
↓
-
+
+ Chlorinate Pc's catalyst Fen lungs
≤ Hi iii. to prevent -
further oxidation
( fastest
(1-131%4)
or HCl , +,
steam
,
most stable s-i.hr?psr- solution
'
major with
tertiary) Cntlzno
-_
H
Misty white >
Halogens more
electronegative Many fumes Irs -
300,60-70 atm
Aqueous [wt
carbon 8-' attacked by
iodinare
carbon
eg H 0
↓
. .
nucleophile C- ✗ band breaks Iodine -1 11
ethanol
.
,
helerolylicauy red
phosphorous oxidation H -
C C -
H
( Ut Vin Scheible
-
Problems with free radical sub
( Plz) ,
◦ substitution
chlorine keep
of the
happening
hydrogens
if
with
there is too brominate 3130+1+173 -03121++131003 µ
KZCFZ07 tin red precipitate
•
≤
chlorine gives * Br ' " " ""%
Alcohols Sulphuric
This mixture
much a
og
1-12504 further
-
Tokens
reagent
-
products union have to be separated
acid (
nucleophilic produces
use
To reduce chance og bi product farming
oxidation
•
Cso chlorine collides with this ( silver mirror
( nHzn+ , 0th
excess methane
inseeadofeniaomeiuane Substitution >+
ions)
-
any point along carbon
.
crain Cr acidified excess
g test)
•
warm with
position of determines kzcrzo >
hydrolysis OH reflux
- -
NS
excess etnana,
further
,
colourless Agt
secondary tertiary
+1-120 in warm
Ng
ammonia
( N# 3) aqueous
primary , ,
oxidation I ✓
↓
solution # acidified excess
KCN Acid
Carboxylic
" Test with pas
( slower) compare reaaivityos +126207/1-12504 metallic silver
( CN
-
is Ami Rl naeogenoaepane Misty White
Agt
water is a worse nucleophile _
silver nitrate + ethanol
reflux
nucleophile) ✗ time
sorrenti fumes
_
reflux
hydroxide eg
how i t takes
-
War m long for
R N Hz coats th side
.
precipitate
reflux in -
to form
inc bond weakens
.
AGNUS ☆0th as size .
. :
ethanol
J
reacts faster iodo -
yellow .
of glass
.
reflux condition in
Bromo cream chloro write
C- mine)
-
oxidation
. -
eg .
H 0
NS salt
complete acidified excess
I 11 Silver mirror .
H C H
+1242071112504 C O
-
combustion
-
-
-
hydrogen +
eg .
reflux
I
halide ethyl ammonium H ethanoic
✓ Chloride incomplete acid
Nitrites eg H H Combustion
µ
↑
.
d- d¥É
.
d
-
ketones ( ends in PʳPaʳne
0¢ 1-1-1209
H
CN -1 :X
-
c n
>
µ Tests
-
-
-
R -
[= N
'
H
l
H
:c"
-
ti ti (02+1-1209) ( produced by -
amore )*ÉÉÉ+ ,
"
NO REACTION
, secondary aromas ↓ It
as they can't be oxidised
platinum stuck
catalytic
an aluminium oxide
cracking
↑ catalyst
/ zeaite catalyst Polymerisation Addition
aromatic
* > polymers
( n tf zn ,W ↑ Biodegradable Polymers
→ starch
made from
[ C
,
Cn Hzn -12
-
. oil fractions
cracking -
650 C- -2 stereoisomerism '
£ ↓
→
Don't runait
neutral
Saturated
→ coz
n
silica / aluminium
trans Opposite sides →
=
save energy
Disposal
> side
→
burying
cis = same
oxidation
eg
→
.
< reuse
H
→
burned ( passed through
H →
decolorroises in bromine
µ , , hydrogenation water
awe S acidic
conditions
,
Diol scrubber to
making polymers sustainably
neutralise toxic gas)
H - C -
C -
C -
H (+1-12) nickel -
( KMnO¢ )
eg .
H H
→
→
reactant molecules
renewable raw
that are
materials
safe
1 I
Catalyst / 50°
→
1 >
,
I energy use kept to min
H H H
,
Purple →
colourless
⇐ A) * nones H -
C -
C -
H
I 1
halogenation OH OH
halogenation
> n Tests
using ou elimination
radicals halides halogenation (dehydration, -
Acidified
light halogens potassium
Chomdytic @ A) conc .
fission) elimination dichromate
is ☆ phosphoric
÷
ethanol KOH
acid dichromate
" Orange
" " ""
Aldehyde
""
"° "
(1-131004) cul )
green
→
tertiary secondary primary
R
alkane phosphoric lower BP than alcohol
I
Y H
KOH + Pc 's -0134++14-1 acid
:
.
chromium (1/1)
hydration
R R
d- mechanism must be
immediately
-
Poos
-
R -
c - +, R +, removed
+
↓
-
+
+ Chlorinate Pc's catalyst Fen lungs
≤ Hi iii. to prevent -
further oxidation
( fastest
(1-131%4)
or HCl , +,
steam
,
most stable s-i.hr?psr- solution
'
major with
tertiary) Cntlzno
-_
H
Misty white >
Halogens more
electronegative Many fumes Irs -
300,60-70 atm
Aqueous [wt
carbon 8-' attacked by
iodinare
carbon
eg H 0
↓
. .
nucleophile C- ✗ band breaks Iodine -1 11
ethanol
.
,
helerolylicauy red
phosphorous oxidation H -
C C -
H
( Ut Vin Scheible
-
Problems with free radical sub
( Plz) ,
◦ substitution
chlorine keep
of the
happening
hydrogens
if
with
there is too brominate 3130+1+173 -03121++131003 µ
KZCFZ07 tin red precipitate
•
≤
chlorine gives * Br ' " " ""%
Alcohols Sulphuric
This mixture
much a
og
1-12504 further
-
Tokens
reagent
-
products union have to be separated
acid (
nucleophilic produces
use
To reduce chance og bi product farming
oxidation
•
Cso chlorine collides with this ( silver mirror
( nHzn+ , 0th
excess methane
inseeadofeniaomeiuane Substitution >+
ions)
-
any point along carbon
.
crain Cr acidified excess
g test)
•
warm with
position of determines kzcrzo >
hydrolysis OH reflux
- -
NS
excess etnana,
further
,
colourless Agt
secondary tertiary
+1-120 in warm
Ng
ammonia
( N# 3) aqueous
primary , ,
oxidation I ✓
↓
solution # acidified excess
KCN Acid
Carboxylic
" Test with pas
( slower) compare reaaivityos +126207/1-12504 metallic silver
( CN
-
is Ami Rl naeogenoaepane Misty White
Agt
water is a worse nucleophile _
silver nitrate + ethanol
reflux
nucleophile) ✗ time
sorrenti fumes
_
reflux
hydroxide eg
how i t takes
-
War m long for
R N Hz coats th side
.
precipitate
reflux in -
to form
inc bond weakens
.
AGNUS ☆0th as size .
. :
ethanol
J
reacts faster iodo -
yellow .
of glass
.
reflux condition in
Bromo cream chloro write
C- mine)
-
oxidation
. -
eg .
H 0
NS salt
complete acidified excess
I 11 Silver mirror .
H C H
+1242071112504 C O
-
combustion
-
-
-
hydrogen +
eg .
reflux
I
halide ethyl ammonium H ethanoic
✓ Chloride incomplete acid
Nitrites eg H H Combustion
µ
↑
.
d- d¥É
.
d
-
ketones ( ends in PʳPaʳne
0¢ 1-1-1209
H
CN -1 :X
-
c n
>
µ Tests
-
-
-
R -
[= N
'
H
l
H
:c"
-
ti ti (02+1-1209) ( produced by -
amore )*ÉÉÉ+ ,
"
NO REACTION
, secondary aromas ↓ It
as they can't be oxidised
