Psychology- HEALTH
CAIE 9990
,HEALTH
8.1: Patient Practitioner
Relationships
, McKinstry & Wang: Non-Verbal Communication
Aims Procedures Findings Conclusions Strengths Weaknesses
- Investigate - 425 - Preferred - The trend - Both men women
shown in the pictures
- Only 1 area in
Scotland reduces
doctors’ participants men in a suit was that which increases generalisability and
clothing as a and tie patients validity & reliability reliability
form of
non-verbal
- 8 photos preferred - Sample size was - Photographs are not
ecologically valid as it
communication - Preferred formally fairly big which
increases
doesn’t show the
- Interviewed women in a dressed generalisability
exact setting that
would occur in
and asked lab coat or doctors & - Demand
everyday life
which doctors blouse and ones dressed characteristics are - More male than
they preferred skirt similarly to fairly low which
produces high levels
female picture
produces an
and why their current of standardisation androcentric bias
doctors which reduces validity
and reliability
, McKinlay: Verbal Communication
Aims Procedures Findings Conclusions Strengths Weaknesses
- Bridge - Asked lower - Women who - Found that - Scoring is blind - Only women and
not their partners
already had their they knew more so researcher bias
communication class working shows that the study
first child were is reduced
between than the doctors
women to much better at
thought they
is gynocentric which
patients and understanding these - Briefed
produces a gender
doctors
define the terms would bias
beforehand so
following informed consent - Only occurred in
words - Male scorers Scotland which
accredited the could be given
reduces population
→ Navel participants less validity and
- Useful and has
→ Antibiotic than the female
Real World
generalisability
scorers
→ Purgative Application - Only occurred in a
→ Rhesus (RWA) which maternity ward so
increases it’s not generalisable
→ Breech to other wards
ecological
validity
, Ley: Verbal Communication
Aims Procedures Findings Conclusions Strengths Weaknesses
- Tried to - Offered advice - Participants- Repetition, - Has RWA which - Ungeneralisable
that allowed patients to as it only happened
bridge the gap were able to categorising, improve recall by in 1 place in 1
between CATEGORISING recall 55% of prioritising 70% as manuals country
and
doctors and SIGNPOSTING
information and were developed for
doctors
patients information signposting - Social desirability
would increase - Later information bias could occur as
recall increased increased - High ecological
the individuals may
fear being judged
memory recall recall validity allows for a
so they may not tell
higher reliability of
by 70% the study and
the researcher
everything they
generalisability
recalled
CAIE 9990
,HEALTH
8.1: Patient Practitioner
Relationships
, McKinstry & Wang: Non-Verbal Communication
Aims Procedures Findings Conclusions Strengths Weaknesses
- Investigate - 425 - Preferred - The trend - Both men women
shown in the pictures
- Only 1 area in
Scotland reduces
doctors’ participants men in a suit was that which increases generalisability and
clothing as a and tie patients validity & reliability reliability
form of
non-verbal
- 8 photos preferred - Sample size was - Photographs are not
ecologically valid as it
communication - Preferred formally fairly big which
increases
doesn’t show the
- Interviewed women in a dressed generalisability
exact setting that
would occur in
and asked lab coat or doctors & - Demand
everyday life
which doctors blouse and ones dressed characteristics are - More male than
they preferred skirt similarly to fairly low which
produces high levels
female picture
produces an
and why their current of standardisation androcentric bias
doctors which reduces validity
and reliability
, McKinlay: Verbal Communication
Aims Procedures Findings Conclusions Strengths Weaknesses
- Bridge - Asked lower - Women who - Found that - Scoring is blind - Only women and
not their partners
already had their they knew more so researcher bias
communication class working shows that the study
first child were is reduced
between than the doctors
women to much better at
thought they
is gynocentric which
patients and understanding these - Briefed
produces a gender
doctors
define the terms would bias
beforehand so
following informed consent - Only occurred in
words - Male scorers Scotland which
accredited the could be given
reduces population
→ Navel participants less validity and
- Useful and has
→ Antibiotic than the female
Real World
generalisability
scorers
→ Purgative Application - Only occurred in a
→ Rhesus (RWA) which maternity ward so
increases it’s not generalisable
→ Breech to other wards
ecological
validity
, Ley: Verbal Communication
Aims Procedures Findings Conclusions Strengths Weaknesses
- Tried to - Offered advice - Participants- Repetition, - Has RWA which - Ungeneralisable
that allowed patients to as it only happened
bridge the gap were able to categorising, improve recall by in 1 place in 1
between CATEGORISING recall 55% of prioritising 70% as manuals country
and
doctors and SIGNPOSTING
information and were developed for
doctors
patients information signposting - Social desirability
would increase - Later information bias could occur as
recall increased increased - High ecological
the individuals may
fear being judged
memory recall recall validity allows for a
so they may not tell
higher reliability of
by 70% the study and
the researcher
everything they
generalisability
recalled
