KEY
Purple= judgement/ analysis
Red= limitations
Green= change
PROXY WARS: Bc= because
Inc= increased
Developments in Africa and the Americas:
the impact of Cuban intervention in Angola and Ethiopia
the impact of US intervention in Latin America and the Caribbean including Chile, Grenada
and Nicaragua
Despite what appeared to be improvements in the relationships between the USA and the
USSR throughout the 1970s, Cold War tensions continued globally. While direct relations
between the powers seem cordial, they still sought to maintain their influence as conflicts
erupted across the developing world. Their subsequent influence over the outcomes of
these conflicts (’proxy wars’) served to damage relationships between the superpowers,
ultimately contributing to the end of Détente.
Kissingers memoirs in1990 show that Initially believed the Soviets were the key players and
were pressuring Cuba to be involved, yet later understood that Castro largely acted
independently which Shows the distrust and suspicion towards the Soviets and how
difficult it was to properly assess and understand motives and actions at the time
CAUSES WESTERN ROLE- FORD COMM ROLE CONSEQUENCES
Angola The new, left- WHY: -concerned about the CUBA: play a huge role in FOR US:
75-88 wing growth of communism in globalising C.W further than -Did not want to
peace government in Africa, they feel the need to USSR wanted- decolonised become aligned
agreement Portugal dominate the region of S.A state displaying strength and with South Africa
(decolonised contested between US and exercising power+ Marxist during growing
in 1974) ; USSR bc of international liberation theory. ant-apartheid
agreed to give perception that US was weak. Trained MPLA in 1960s and feeling amongst
Angola -counteract Soviet Cuban had long-term relations w international
independence. presence in Angola global Neto, asks for help so Cuba, community, yet
There were reputation at stake, couldn't without consulting Moscow, also concerned
three Angolan allow easy victory for send 400 advisors to help that a failure to act
nationalist communism, believed Cubans MPLA, then troops (peaks at meant they looked
groups: were a proxy for the USSR 52,000 1988)- Cubans save weak
-MPLA William Colby- USA backed mpla -Negatively
(Marxist)-Neto the FNLA “bc the Soviets are affected relations
-UNITA backing the MPLA” –justifies USSR: with USSR
(Maoist) all the casualties and civil WHY: To support people MPLA hold on and
wanted total war? fighting for ‘liberation’ gain pollical
independence -To support communist credibility for fight
- Savimba HOW: $300,000 in 1975 movements in the against S.A
-FNLA (pro-US) initially to fnlaJULY, $25 developing world and avoid
Roberto. USA- million in supplies and $60 accusations of not. FOR USSR:
financial aid million in in arms -To limit Chinese influence • Helped to
and outdated CIA also intervene in Angola (Sino-Soviet split) assert
American and train the FNLA and MAINLY ONLY BC CUBA ASK- themselves
arms. South deceive US congress. they limited arms and equipment as still the
Purple= judgement/ analysis
Red= limitations
Green= change
PROXY WARS: Bc= because
Inc= increased
Developments in Africa and the Americas:
the impact of Cuban intervention in Angola and Ethiopia
the impact of US intervention in Latin America and the Caribbean including Chile, Grenada
and Nicaragua
Despite what appeared to be improvements in the relationships between the USA and the
USSR throughout the 1970s, Cold War tensions continued globally. While direct relations
between the powers seem cordial, they still sought to maintain their influence as conflicts
erupted across the developing world. Their subsequent influence over the outcomes of
these conflicts (’proxy wars’) served to damage relationships between the superpowers,
ultimately contributing to the end of Détente.
Kissingers memoirs in1990 show that Initially believed the Soviets were the key players and
were pressuring Cuba to be involved, yet later understood that Castro largely acted
independently which Shows the distrust and suspicion towards the Soviets and how
difficult it was to properly assess and understand motives and actions at the time
CAUSES WESTERN ROLE- FORD COMM ROLE CONSEQUENCES
Angola The new, left- WHY: -concerned about the CUBA: play a huge role in FOR US:
75-88 wing growth of communism in globalising C.W further than -Did not want to
peace government in Africa, they feel the need to USSR wanted- decolonised become aligned
agreement Portugal dominate the region of S.A state displaying strength and with South Africa
(decolonised contested between US and exercising power+ Marxist during growing
in 1974) ; USSR bc of international liberation theory. ant-apartheid
agreed to give perception that US was weak. Trained MPLA in 1960s and feeling amongst
Angola -counteract Soviet Cuban had long-term relations w international
independence. presence in Angola global Neto, asks for help so Cuba, community, yet
There were reputation at stake, couldn't without consulting Moscow, also concerned
three Angolan allow easy victory for send 400 advisors to help that a failure to act
nationalist communism, believed Cubans MPLA, then troops (peaks at meant they looked
groups: were a proxy for the USSR 52,000 1988)- Cubans save weak
-MPLA William Colby- USA backed mpla -Negatively
(Marxist)-Neto the FNLA “bc the Soviets are affected relations
-UNITA backing the MPLA” –justifies USSR: with USSR
(Maoist) all the casualties and civil WHY: To support people MPLA hold on and
wanted total war? fighting for ‘liberation’ gain pollical
independence -To support communist credibility for fight
- Savimba HOW: $300,000 in 1975 movements in the against S.A
-FNLA (pro-US) initially to fnlaJULY, $25 developing world and avoid
Roberto. USA- million in supplies and $60 accusations of not. FOR USSR:
financial aid million in in arms -To limit Chinese influence • Helped to
and outdated CIA also intervene in Angola (Sino-Soviet split) assert
American and train the FNLA and MAINLY ONLY BC CUBA ASK- themselves
arms. South deceive US congress. they limited arms and equipment as still the
